C787 Study Guide 100% Correct!!
Macronutrients - ANSWERScarbohydrates, lipids, and proteins required in large amounts, provide energy
Micronutrients - ANSWERSvitamins and minerals require smaller amounts, make possible the
biochemical reactions that extract energy from macronutrients molecules
Obesity - ANSWERS>30% body fat
Overweight - ANSWERS>25% body fat
Marasmus - ANSWERSA disease of severe protein-calorie malnutrition during early infancy, in which
growth stops, body tissues waste away, and the infant eventually dies. s/s: htn, stroke, type 2 dm,
exposed ribs, decreased body fat
Kwashiorkor - ANSWERSProtein deficiency in childhood, leading to symptoms such as lethargy, irritability,
thinning hair, and swollen body, which may be fatal if not treated. s/s: potbelly, edema in legs
Anorexia Nervosa (AN) - ANSWERSan eating disorder characterized by an inability to maintain normal
weight, an intense fear of gaining weight, and distorted body perception
bulimia nervosa - ANSWERSan eating disorder characterized by binge eating followed by purging
Pellagra is a _____ deficiency disease. - ANSWERSNiacin- common in corn based diets and alcoholics. s/s:
diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia, death if not tx.
Vitamin A deficiency - ANSWERSnight blindness, dry skin, corneal damage
Vitamin C deficiency - ANSWERSscurvy, poor wound healing, bleeding gums, petechiae
,Iron deficiency - ANSWERSanemia
Iodine deficiency - ANSWERSresults in goiter/thyroid problems
Vitamin D deficiencies - ANSWERSrickets
osteomalacia
osteoporosis
calcium deficiency
colon cancer
Vitamin E deficiency (rare) - ANSWERShemolytic anemia
What changes were made when DRIs were established in the late 1990's? - ANSWERSIt expanded from
the RDA. It contains several different groups to provide more adequate information needed
DRI - ANSWERSDietary Reference Intakes; combines the classic concerns of deficiency diseases with the
contemporary interest of reducing the risk of chronic diet-related diseases
What is the DASH diet and what level of sodium has been shown to reduce high blood pressure? -
ANSWERSDietary Approaches to Stop HypertensionCONSUME UP TO 2300 MG OF SODIUM A DAY
How much of the "My Plate" is fruits and Vegetables? - ANSWERS1/2 the plate
What recommendations would you make to a pregnant patient regarding folate and why? - ANSWERSall
women who can become pregnant should get 400 mcg of folic acid each day, in addition to consuming
food with folate from a varied diet, to lower the chance of having a baby with a neural tube defect.
Vitamin K deficiencies - ANSWERSdecreased synthesis of clotting factors
hemorrhage
, Malnutrition - ANSWERSfaulty or inadequate diet
treating malnutrition - ANSWERScorrecting diet
correcting body fluid/potassium
"hurry slowly"
diluted milk w/added sugar
UL - ANSWERSTolerable upper intake level. The maximum daily amount of a nutrient that appears safe
for most healthy people and beyond which there is an increased risk of adverse health effects.
EAR - ANSWERSEstimated Average Requirements- Average amount sufficient for half of population
RDA - ANSWERSRecommended Daily Allowances- a healthy diet has nutrients nearing this amount
Identify the types of dietary fats (including trans-fats) and recommendations regarding their
consumption. - ANSWERSSATURATED (limit/avoid)
TRANS (worse)
MONOSATURATED (good lowers LDL)
POLYUNSATURATED (same as above)
Provide examples of whole grains versus refined grains and how could a patient better meet the
recommendation for consumption of whole grains? - ANSWERSat least half of the grains should be
whole grains
whole grains:
Barley
Brown rice
Buckwheat
Bulgur (cracked wheat)
Macronutrients - ANSWERScarbohydrates, lipids, and proteins required in large amounts, provide energy
Micronutrients - ANSWERSvitamins and minerals require smaller amounts, make possible the
biochemical reactions that extract energy from macronutrients molecules
Obesity - ANSWERS>30% body fat
Overweight - ANSWERS>25% body fat
Marasmus - ANSWERSA disease of severe protein-calorie malnutrition during early infancy, in which
growth stops, body tissues waste away, and the infant eventually dies. s/s: htn, stroke, type 2 dm,
exposed ribs, decreased body fat
Kwashiorkor - ANSWERSProtein deficiency in childhood, leading to symptoms such as lethargy, irritability,
thinning hair, and swollen body, which may be fatal if not treated. s/s: potbelly, edema in legs
Anorexia Nervosa (AN) - ANSWERSan eating disorder characterized by an inability to maintain normal
weight, an intense fear of gaining weight, and distorted body perception
bulimia nervosa - ANSWERSan eating disorder characterized by binge eating followed by purging
Pellagra is a _____ deficiency disease. - ANSWERSNiacin- common in corn based diets and alcoholics. s/s:
diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia, death if not tx.
Vitamin A deficiency - ANSWERSnight blindness, dry skin, corneal damage
Vitamin C deficiency - ANSWERSscurvy, poor wound healing, bleeding gums, petechiae
,Iron deficiency - ANSWERSanemia
Iodine deficiency - ANSWERSresults in goiter/thyroid problems
Vitamin D deficiencies - ANSWERSrickets
osteomalacia
osteoporosis
calcium deficiency
colon cancer
Vitamin E deficiency (rare) - ANSWERShemolytic anemia
What changes were made when DRIs were established in the late 1990's? - ANSWERSIt expanded from
the RDA. It contains several different groups to provide more adequate information needed
DRI - ANSWERSDietary Reference Intakes; combines the classic concerns of deficiency diseases with the
contemporary interest of reducing the risk of chronic diet-related diseases
What is the DASH diet and what level of sodium has been shown to reduce high blood pressure? -
ANSWERSDietary Approaches to Stop HypertensionCONSUME UP TO 2300 MG OF SODIUM A DAY
How much of the "My Plate" is fruits and Vegetables? - ANSWERS1/2 the plate
What recommendations would you make to a pregnant patient regarding folate and why? - ANSWERSall
women who can become pregnant should get 400 mcg of folic acid each day, in addition to consuming
food with folate from a varied diet, to lower the chance of having a baby with a neural tube defect.
Vitamin K deficiencies - ANSWERSdecreased synthesis of clotting factors
hemorrhage
, Malnutrition - ANSWERSfaulty or inadequate diet
treating malnutrition - ANSWERScorrecting diet
correcting body fluid/potassium
"hurry slowly"
diluted milk w/added sugar
UL - ANSWERSTolerable upper intake level. The maximum daily amount of a nutrient that appears safe
for most healthy people and beyond which there is an increased risk of adverse health effects.
EAR - ANSWERSEstimated Average Requirements- Average amount sufficient for half of population
RDA - ANSWERSRecommended Daily Allowances- a healthy diet has nutrients nearing this amount
Identify the types of dietary fats (including trans-fats) and recommendations regarding their
consumption. - ANSWERSSATURATED (limit/avoid)
TRANS (worse)
MONOSATURATED (good lowers LDL)
POLYUNSATURATED (same as above)
Provide examples of whole grains versus refined grains and how could a patient better meet the
recommendation for consumption of whole grains? - ANSWERSat least half of the grains should be
whole grains
whole grains:
Barley
Brown rice
Buckwheat
Bulgur (cracked wheat)
