Praxis PLT K-6 (ETS Based Questions)
With Complete Solutions.
Ability grouping. - correct answer. The process of placing students of similar abilities
into groups, and attempting to match instruction to the needs of these groups.
Authentic activity. - correct answer. Approach to instruction similar to one students
might encounter in the outside world.
Cognitive apprenticeship - correct answer. Mentorship in which a teacher and a
student work together on a challenging task and the teacher gives guidance about how
to think about the task.
Collaboration - correct answer. A philosophy about how to relate to others—how to
learn and work.
Collective self-efficacy - correct answer. Shared belief of members of a group that
they can be successful when they work together on a task.
Deductive reasoning - correct answer. Process of drawing a logical inference about
something that must be true, given other information that has already been presented
as true.
Expository instruction - correct answer. Approach to instruction in which information
is presented in more or less the same form in which students are expected to learn it.
Guided participation - correct answer. A child's performance, with guidance and
support, of an activity in the adult world.
Heterogeneous ability grouping - correct answer. A strategy that groups students of
varied ability instead of by grade/age level.
Inductive reasoning - correct answer. Collecting data to draw a conclusion that may
or may not be true.
,Learner-centered instruction - correct answer. Approach to teaching in which
instructional strategies are chosen largely on the basis of students' existing abilities,
predispositions, and needs.
Learner-directed instruction - correct answer. Approach to instruction in which
students have considerable say in the issues they address and how to address them.
Learning strategy - correct answer. Intentional use of one or more cognitive
processes for a particular learning task.
Problem-based learning - correct answer. Classroom activity in which students
acquire new knowledge and skills while working on a complex problem similar to those
in the outside world.
Reciprocal teaching - correct answer. Approach to teaching reading and listening
comprehension in which students take turns asking teacher-like questions of
classmates.
Antecedents - correct answer. Stimuli that precede and induce behaviors.
Applied behavior analysis - correct answer. Systematic application of stimulus-
response principles to address a chronic behavior problem.
Attributions - correct answer. Personally constructed causal explanations for a
success or failure.
Attribution theory - correct answer. Theoretical perspective focusing on people's
explanations (attributions) concerning the causes of events that befall them, as well as
on the behaviors that result from such explanations.
Cognitive dissonance - correct answer. Feeling of mental discomfort caused by new
information that conflicts with current knowledge or beliefs
Competence - correct answer. Basic need to be effective in dealing with the
environment.
Contingency - correct answer. Situation in which one event (e.g., reinforcement)
happens only after another event (e.g., a specific response) has already occurred (one
event is contingent on the other's occurrence).
Contingency contract - correct answer. Formal agreement between teacher and
student that identifies behaviors the student will exhibit and the reinforcers that will
follow.
Expectancy-value theory - correct answer. Theoretical perspective proposing that
human motivation is a function of two beliefs: that one can succeed in an activity
, (expectancy) and that there are direct or indirect benefits in performing the activity
(value).
Functional analysis - correct answer. Examination of inappropriate behavior and its
antecedents and consequences to determine one or more purposes (functions) that the
behavior might serve for the learner.
Goal theory - correct answer. Theoretical perspective that portrays human
motivation as being directed toward particular goals; the nature of these goals
determines the specific ways in which people think and behave.
Humanism - correct answer. Philosophical perspective in which people are seen as
having tremendous potential for psychological growth and as continually striving to fulfill
that potential. Adherents to this perspective are called humanists
Locus of causality - correct answer. The location—internal or external—of the cause
of behavior
Mastery orientation - correct answer. General, fairly pervasive belief that one is
capable of accomplishing challenging tasks.
Need for arousal - correct answer. Ongoing need for either physical or cognitive
stimulation.
Need for competence - correct answer. Basic need to believe that one can deal
effectively with the overall environment.
Need for relatedness - correct answer. Basic need to feel socially connected to
others and to secure others' love and respect.
Need for self-determination - correct answer. Basic need to believe that one has
some autonomy and control regarding the course of one's life.
Negative reinforcement - correct answer. Phenomenon in which a response
increases as a result of the removal (rather than presentation) of a stimulus.
Performance-approach goal - correct answer. Desire to look good and receive
favorable judgments from others.
Performance-avoidance goal - correct answer. Desire not to look bad or receive
unfavorable judgments from others.
Positive psychology - correct answer. Theoretical perspective that portrays people
as having many unique qualities that propel them to engage in productive, worthwhile
activities; it shares early humanists' belief that people strive to fulfill their potential but
With Complete Solutions.
Ability grouping. - correct answer. The process of placing students of similar abilities
into groups, and attempting to match instruction to the needs of these groups.
Authentic activity. - correct answer. Approach to instruction similar to one students
might encounter in the outside world.
Cognitive apprenticeship - correct answer. Mentorship in which a teacher and a
student work together on a challenging task and the teacher gives guidance about how
to think about the task.
Collaboration - correct answer. A philosophy about how to relate to others—how to
learn and work.
Collective self-efficacy - correct answer. Shared belief of members of a group that
they can be successful when they work together on a task.
Deductive reasoning - correct answer. Process of drawing a logical inference about
something that must be true, given other information that has already been presented
as true.
Expository instruction - correct answer. Approach to instruction in which information
is presented in more or less the same form in which students are expected to learn it.
Guided participation - correct answer. A child's performance, with guidance and
support, of an activity in the adult world.
Heterogeneous ability grouping - correct answer. A strategy that groups students of
varied ability instead of by grade/age level.
Inductive reasoning - correct answer. Collecting data to draw a conclusion that may
or may not be true.
,Learner-centered instruction - correct answer. Approach to teaching in which
instructional strategies are chosen largely on the basis of students' existing abilities,
predispositions, and needs.
Learner-directed instruction - correct answer. Approach to instruction in which
students have considerable say in the issues they address and how to address them.
Learning strategy - correct answer. Intentional use of one or more cognitive
processes for a particular learning task.
Problem-based learning - correct answer. Classroom activity in which students
acquire new knowledge and skills while working on a complex problem similar to those
in the outside world.
Reciprocal teaching - correct answer. Approach to teaching reading and listening
comprehension in which students take turns asking teacher-like questions of
classmates.
Antecedents - correct answer. Stimuli that precede and induce behaviors.
Applied behavior analysis - correct answer. Systematic application of stimulus-
response principles to address a chronic behavior problem.
Attributions - correct answer. Personally constructed causal explanations for a
success or failure.
Attribution theory - correct answer. Theoretical perspective focusing on people's
explanations (attributions) concerning the causes of events that befall them, as well as
on the behaviors that result from such explanations.
Cognitive dissonance - correct answer. Feeling of mental discomfort caused by new
information that conflicts with current knowledge or beliefs
Competence - correct answer. Basic need to be effective in dealing with the
environment.
Contingency - correct answer. Situation in which one event (e.g., reinforcement)
happens only after another event (e.g., a specific response) has already occurred (one
event is contingent on the other's occurrence).
Contingency contract - correct answer. Formal agreement between teacher and
student that identifies behaviors the student will exhibit and the reinforcers that will
follow.
Expectancy-value theory - correct answer. Theoretical perspective proposing that
human motivation is a function of two beliefs: that one can succeed in an activity
, (expectancy) and that there are direct or indirect benefits in performing the activity
(value).
Functional analysis - correct answer. Examination of inappropriate behavior and its
antecedents and consequences to determine one or more purposes (functions) that the
behavior might serve for the learner.
Goal theory - correct answer. Theoretical perspective that portrays human
motivation as being directed toward particular goals; the nature of these goals
determines the specific ways in which people think and behave.
Humanism - correct answer. Philosophical perspective in which people are seen as
having tremendous potential for psychological growth and as continually striving to fulfill
that potential. Adherents to this perspective are called humanists
Locus of causality - correct answer. The location—internal or external—of the cause
of behavior
Mastery orientation - correct answer. General, fairly pervasive belief that one is
capable of accomplishing challenging tasks.
Need for arousal - correct answer. Ongoing need for either physical or cognitive
stimulation.
Need for competence - correct answer. Basic need to believe that one can deal
effectively with the overall environment.
Need for relatedness - correct answer. Basic need to feel socially connected to
others and to secure others' love and respect.
Need for self-determination - correct answer. Basic need to believe that one has
some autonomy and control regarding the course of one's life.
Negative reinforcement - correct answer. Phenomenon in which a response
increases as a result of the removal (rather than presentation) of a stimulus.
Performance-approach goal - correct answer. Desire to look good and receive
favorable judgments from others.
Performance-avoidance goal - correct answer. Desire not to look bad or receive
unfavorable judgments from others.
Positive psychology - correct answer. Theoretical perspective that portrays people
as having many unique qualities that propel them to engage in productive, worthwhile
activities; it shares early humanists' belief that people strive to fulfill their potential but
