TEST BANK FOR DEWIT'S FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS
AND SKILLS FOR NURSING, 5TH EDITION, PATRICIA
WILLIAMS/ALL CHAPTERS 2023
Vital signs include - ANSWER: temperature, pulse, respiration, blood pressure (pain)
Heat production is a by-product of - ANSWER: metabolism
Pyrogens - ANSWER: substances that cause fever
basal metabolic rate (BMR) - ANSWER: The rate at which heat is produced when the
body is at rest
(Avg. depends on person's body surface area)
Heat loss occurs by - ANSWER: 1 - Radiation (Internal organs carry heat to skin)
2 - Conduction (Warm skin touches cool object)
3 - Convection (Air movement on skin)
4 - Evaporation (As H2O evaporates, heat transferred to air)
Pyrexia - ANSWER: Fever when normal mechanisms can't keep up.
(100.2°F)
diaphoresis - ANSWER: Excessive sweating
Hypoxia - ANSWER: State of insufficient Oxygen
commonly seen on patients who are under medical sedation
Cardiac contractions - ANSWER: produce the pulse.
Surge of blood into Aorta can be felt over a peripheral artery
Stroke Volume - ANSWER: Volume of blood pushed into the aorta with each
heartbeat
Cardiac Output - ANSWER: Amount of blood pumped to (L) Ventricle in 1 minute.
Pulse rate times stroke volume
Average is 5L / min
Respiration - ANSWER: Exchange of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide in the lungs.
organs of respiration - ANSWER: nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs
Amount of lobes in lungs - ANSWER: 3 lobes in right, 2 lobes in left.
Pressure exerted on arterial wall - ANSWER: Blood pressure
Systolic pressure - ANSWER: maximum pressure during ventricular contraction
, (Top number)
Diastolic Pressure - ANSWER: lower pressure exerted on artery when heart is at rest
(Bottom number)
Overhydration - ANSWER: Excessive fluid volume (More blood in the same space)
Normal body temperature range - ANSWER: 97.5°F-99.5°F
Avg. being 98.6°F
tympanic membrane - ANSWER: Eardrum. Temperature taken is accurate to core
temperature, if read correctly. -invasive-
Axillary - ANSWER: Armpit.
Must be dry
Add one °F to read temperature
Core temperature - ANSWER: temperature of deep tissues in the body
Factors that affect body temp - ANSWER: Time of day
Environment
Age
Physical exercise
Menstrual cycle
Stress level
Disease conditions
Drugs
Hyperthermia - ANSWER: Fever, Febrile state, Pyrexia.
When patient's temp is above 100.2°F
Considered significant when above 101.3°F
onset stage - ANSWER: First stage of a fever.
The person feels cold, has chills and seeks out warmth
Febrile stage - ANSWER: 2nd stage of a fever.
Body temp rises to a new set point established by hypothalamus and remains until
fever is resolved
defervescence - ANSWER: Abatement of fever
Crisis / Lysis (Related to temp) - ANSWER: Crisis - abrupt decline in fever
lysis - gradual return to a normal temperature
Fever patterns - ANSWER: Constant - Continuously elevates less than 1°F in 24hrs
Intermittent - alternates rising and falling, high for 2-3 days, low for 2-3 days.
AND SKILLS FOR NURSING, 5TH EDITION, PATRICIA
WILLIAMS/ALL CHAPTERS 2023
Vital signs include - ANSWER: temperature, pulse, respiration, blood pressure (pain)
Heat production is a by-product of - ANSWER: metabolism
Pyrogens - ANSWER: substances that cause fever
basal metabolic rate (BMR) - ANSWER: The rate at which heat is produced when the
body is at rest
(Avg. depends on person's body surface area)
Heat loss occurs by - ANSWER: 1 - Radiation (Internal organs carry heat to skin)
2 - Conduction (Warm skin touches cool object)
3 - Convection (Air movement on skin)
4 - Evaporation (As H2O evaporates, heat transferred to air)
Pyrexia - ANSWER: Fever when normal mechanisms can't keep up.
(100.2°F)
diaphoresis - ANSWER: Excessive sweating
Hypoxia - ANSWER: State of insufficient Oxygen
commonly seen on patients who are under medical sedation
Cardiac contractions - ANSWER: produce the pulse.
Surge of blood into Aorta can be felt over a peripheral artery
Stroke Volume - ANSWER: Volume of blood pushed into the aorta with each
heartbeat
Cardiac Output - ANSWER: Amount of blood pumped to (L) Ventricle in 1 minute.
Pulse rate times stroke volume
Average is 5L / min
Respiration - ANSWER: Exchange of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide in the lungs.
organs of respiration - ANSWER: nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs
Amount of lobes in lungs - ANSWER: 3 lobes in right, 2 lobes in left.
Pressure exerted on arterial wall - ANSWER: Blood pressure
Systolic pressure - ANSWER: maximum pressure during ventricular contraction
, (Top number)
Diastolic Pressure - ANSWER: lower pressure exerted on artery when heart is at rest
(Bottom number)
Overhydration - ANSWER: Excessive fluid volume (More blood in the same space)
Normal body temperature range - ANSWER: 97.5°F-99.5°F
Avg. being 98.6°F
tympanic membrane - ANSWER: Eardrum. Temperature taken is accurate to core
temperature, if read correctly. -invasive-
Axillary - ANSWER: Armpit.
Must be dry
Add one °F to read temperature
Core temperature - ANSWER: temperature of deep tissues in the body
Factors that affect body temp - ANSWER: Time of day
Environment
Age
Physical exercise
Menstrual cycle
Stress level
Disease conditions
Drugs
Hyperthermia - ANSWER: Fever, Febrile state, Pyrexia.
When patient's temp is above 100.2°F
Considered significant when above 101.3°F
onset stage - ANSWER: First stage of a fever.
The person feels cold, has chills and seeks out warmth
Febrile stage - ANSWER: 2nd stage of a fever.
Body temp rises to a new set point established by hypothalamus and remains until
fever is resolved
defervescence - ANSWER: Abatement of fever
Crisis / Lysis (Related to temp) - ANSWER: Crisis - abrupt decline in fever
lysis - gradual return to a normal temperature
Fever patterns - ANSWER: Constant - Continuously elevates less than 1°F in 24hrs
Intermittent - alternates rising and falling, high for 2-3 days, low for 2-3 days.
