MIDTERM COGNITIVE SCIENCE REVISION QUESTIONS. MIDTERM
EXAM REVISION QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS (GRADED
A+) (100% GUARANTEE) (2024 UPDATE)
Increased serotonin - ANSWER- makes people more harm averse (more moral) for personal
moral dilemmas, no effect for impersonal moral dilemmas
Utilitarianism - ANSWER- consequentialist, actions do not have intrinsic moral worth, only
defined by consequences (pull the lever)
Deontology - ANSWER- non-consequentialist, actions have intrinsic moral worth independent
of consequences (don't pull the lever)
Cognitive architecture - ANSWER- -a computational specification of the structure of the brain
at a level of abstraction that explains how it achieves the function of the mind
-mathematically and computationally well-specified
End-to-end cognition (challenge) - ANSWER- given some input, how do I get to some output
Module integration (challenge) - ANSWER- the mind is made up of many modules, how do
these modules fit together
Structure-to-function (challenge) - ANSWER- how do we answer functional problems given
physical structures--> algorithms (David Marr)
Theoretical unification (challenge) - ANSWER- understanding how one broad theory can
capture all explanations of findings
,Chalmers - ANSWER- -dualist: information has two fundamental aspects (physical and
experiential)
-consciousness is an irreducible, fundamental feature of the universe
-information has a fundamental physical and a fundamentally conscious aspect
-mind is realized in body
Concious experience - ANSWER- the "what it's like" aspect of being in a mental state
(experiential character of a mental state)
Three Levels of Explanation (David Marr) - ANSWER- 1) functional: the problem the capacity
is supposed to solve
2) algorithmic: procedures that enable the problem to be solved
3) physical: the neural/chemical substrates in which the procedures are implemented
Explanatory gap - ANSWER- nothing can explain why a certain neural state is experience by
a physical state
The Global Workspace Theory of Consciousness - ANSWER- conscious experience = "global
broadcast" of information
Global workspace = working memory
Perceptual systems - ANSWER- -vision, audition
-input: physical world
-process is not conscious
, -output: globally broadcasted to global workspace
Conceptual systems - ANSWER- -language, face recognition, moral grammar, etc.
-input from global workspace
-process is not conscious
-output globally broadcasted to global workspace
-"cool cognition"
Computational problem of motion detection - ANSWER- computing "correspondence" from
one moment to the next
Perception / reverse optics - ANSWER- 2D-->3D, underspecified: a single 2D pattern of light
can correspond to multiple external realities; need subconscious additional knowledge to make
assumptions
Forward optics - ANSWER- 3D-->2D, solved by Pixar
Homunculus - ANSWER- the little person in your head interpreting vision
Blindsight - ANSWER- cortically blind, retinas send input to midbrain; can still unconciously
detect emotions, simple motions, and simple objects
Prosopagnosia - ANSWER- inability to recognize faces, Face Fusiform Area in inferior
temporal lobe
Capgras delusion - ANSWER- intact visual face recognition with impaired visual emotional
processing (think people you know are impostors)
EXAM REVISION QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS (GRADED
A+) (100% GUARANTEE) (2024 UPDATE)
Increased serotonin - ANSWER- makes people more harm averse (more moral) for personal
moral dilemmas, no effect for impersonal moral dilemmas
Utilitarianism - ANSWER- consequentialist, actions do not have intrinsic moral worth, only
defined by consequences (pull the lever)
Deontology - ANSWER- non-consequentialist, actions have intrinsic moral worth independent
of consequences (don't pull the lever)
Cognitive architecture - ANSWER- -a computational specification of the structure of the brain
at a level of abstraction that explains how it achieves the function of the mind
-mathematically and computationally well-specified
End-to-end cognition (challenge) - ANSWER- given some input, how do I get to some output
Module integration (challenge) - ANSWER- the mind is made up of many modules, how do
these modules fit together
Structure-to-function (challenge) - ANSWER- how do we answer functional problems given
physical structures--> algorithms (David Marr)
Theoretical unification (challenge) - ANSWER- understanding how one broad theory can
capture all explanations of findings
,Chalmers - ANSWER- -dualist: information has two fundamental aspects (physical and
experiential)
-consciousness is an irreducible, fundamental feature of the universe
-information has a fundamental physical and a fundamentally conscious aspect
-mind is realized in body
Concious experience - ANSWER- the "what it's like" aspect of being in a mental state
(experiential character of a mental state)
Three Levels of Explanation (David Marr) - ANSWER- 1) functional: the problem the capacity
is supposed to solve
2) algorithmic: procedures that enable the problem to be solved
3) physical: the neural/chemical substrates in which the procedures are implemented
Explanatory gap - ANSWER- nothing can explain why a certain neural state is experience by
a physical state
The Global Workspace Theory of Consciousness - ANSWER- conscious experience = "global
broadcast" of information
Global workspace = working memory
Perceptual systems - ANSWER- -vision, audition
-input: physical world
-process is not conscious
, -output: globally broadcasted to global workspace
Conceptual systems - ANSWER- -language, face recognition, moral grammar, etc.
-input from global workspace
-process is not conscious
-output globally broadcasted to global workspace
-"cool cognition"
Computational problem of motion detection - ANSWER- computing "correspondence" from
one moment to the next
Perception / reverse optics - ANSWER- 2D-->3D, underspecified: a single 2D pattern of light
can correspond to multiple external realities; need subconscious additional knowledge to make
assumptions
Forward optics - ANSWER- 3D-->2D, solved by Pixar
Homunculus - ANSWER- the little person in your head interpreting vision
Blindsight - ANSWER- cortically blind, retinas send input to midbrain; can still unconciously
detect emotions, simple motions, and simple objects
Prosopagnosia - ANSWER- inability to recognize faces, Face Fusiform Area in inferior
temporal lobe
Capgras delusion - ANSWER- intact visual face recognition with impaired visual emotional
processing (think people you know are impostors)
