Lecture 1-7 from 2024.
Introduction
to research
method
Summary
Yulia Göbel
,2
, Table of Contents
LECTURE 1: INTRODUCTION...............................................................................................................1
CONCEPTS..........................................................................................................................................1
LECTURE 2: QUALITATIVE VS. QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH....................................................................8
CONCEPTS..........................................................................................................................................8
SUMMARY.........................................................................................................................................9
LECTURE 3: SAMPLING.....................................................................................................................11
CONCEPTS........................................................................................................................................11
SUMMARY........................................................................................................................................12
LESSON 4: RELIABILITY & VALIDITY..................................................................................................16
CONCEPTS........................................................................................................................................16
SUMMARY........................................................................................................................................17
LESSON 5: DATA ANALYSIS...............................................................................................................20
CONCEPTS........................................................................................................................................20
SUMMARY........................................................................................................................................20
LESSON 6: ACADEMIC WRITING.......................................................................................................23
CONCEPTS........................................................................................................................................23
SUMMARY........................................................................................................................................23
LECTURE 7: ETHICS...........................................................................................................................28
CONCEPTS........................................................................................................................................28
SUMMARY........................................................................................................................................28
QUIZ CONCEPTS...............................................................................................................................30
QUIZ 1:...........................................................................................................................................30
, Lecture 1: introduction
Concepts
Critical= paradigm situates research in social justice issues to address
political,
social, and economic issues.
Cumulative= anyone else needs to repeat the same procedures and
reach
same conclusions.
Cross-sectional= observe a collection of people at one time.
Epistemology= what constitutes valid knowledge and how can we obtain
it?
Inference= generating new knowledge about something we don’t know
on the
basis of something we know.
Interpretivists
Believe that there is no single reality or truth, and therefore reality needs
to be interpreted, and therefore, they’re more likely to use qualitative
methods to get those multiple realties.
Literature review= defining research questions > justifying a gap in
literature
and it is worth studying, because your work will
contribute
to the body of research.
Methodology= how do we go about finding it out?
Ontology= what constitutes reality and how can we understand its
existence?
Positivists
Believe that there is a single reality, which can be measured and known,
and therefore they are more likely to use quantitative methods to measure
and study this reality.
Pragmatists= believe that reality is constantly renegotiated, debated,
interpreted, and therefore the best method to use is the one
that solves the problem.
Pseudoscience= false science.
Reliability= repeatability of findings (and get the same results).
Replication study= other scientists redo you study and see if they get
similar
research (fact-checking).
Reproduceable= refers to reliability.
Research= observe something again and again.
Research design
Overall strategy that is being used to integrate the different approaches
and components of the study in a coherent and critical way > specific plan
of action before you launch your research product & proposes the flaws of
your research.
2
Introduction
to research
method
Summary
Yulia Göbel
,2
, Table of Contents
LECTURE 1: INTRODUCTION...............................................................................................................1
CONCEPTS..........................................................................................................................................1
LECTURE 2: QUALITATIVE VS. QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH....................................................................8
CONCEPTS..........................................................................................................................................8
SUMMARY.........................................................................................................................................9
LECTURE 3: SAMPLING.....................................................................................................................11
CONCEPTS........................................................................................................................................11
SUMMARY........................................................................................................................................12
LESSON 4: RELIABILITY & VALIDITY..................................................................................................16
CONCEPTS........................................................................................................................................16
SUMMARY........................................................................................................................................17
LESSON 5: DATA ANALYSIS...............................................................................................................20
CONCEPTS........................................................................................................................................20
SUMMARY........................................................................................................................................20
LESSON 6: ACADEMIC WRITING.......................................................................................................23
CONCEPTS........................................................................................................................................23
SUMMARY........................................................................................................................................23
LECTURE 7: ETHICS...........................................................................................................................28
CONCEPTS........................................................................................................................................28
SUMMARY........................................................................................................................................28
QUIZ CONCEPTS...............................................................................................................................30
QUIZ 1:...........................................................................................................................................30
, Lecture 1: introduction
Concepts
Critical= paradigm situates research in social justice issues to address
political,
social, and economic issues.
Cumulative= anyone else needs to repeat the same procedures and
reach
same conclusions.
Cross-sectional= observe a collection of people at one time.
Epistemology= what constitutes valid knowledge and how can we obtain
it?
Inference= generating new knowledge about something we don’t know
on the
basis of something we know.
Interpretivists
Believe that there is no single reality or truth, and therefore reality needs
to be interpreted, and therefore, they’re more likely to use qualitative
methods to get those multiple realties.
Literature review= defining research questions > justifying a gap in
literature
and it is worth studying, because your work will
contribute
to the body of research.
Methodology= how do we go about finding it out?
Ontology= what constitutes reality and how can we understand its
existence?
Positivists
Believe that there is a single reality, which can be measured and known,
and therefore they are more likely to use quantitative methods to measure
and study this reality.
Pragmatists= believe that reality is constantly renegotiated, debated,
interpreted, and therefore the best method to use is the one
that solves the problem.
Pseudoscience= false science.
Reliability= repeatability of findings (and get the same results).
Replication study= other scientists redo you study and see if they get
similar
research (fact-checking).
Reproduceable= refers to reliability.
Research= observe something again and again.
Research design
Overall strategy that is being used to integrate the different approaches
and components of the study in a coherent and critical way > specific plan
of action before you launch your research product & proposes the flaws of
your research.
2
