NeonatalandPediatric b
bb RespiratoryCare5thEdition
b b b
Walsh Test Bank A+
bb bb bb bb
, Chapter 1: Fetal Lung Development Test Bank bb bb bb bb bb bb
MULTIPLE CHOICE bb
1. Which of the following phases of human lung development is characterized by
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
the formation of a capillary network around airway passages?
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
a. Pseudoglandular
b. Saccular
c. Alveolar
d. Canalicular
ANS: D bb
The canalicular phase follows the pseudoglandular phase, lasting from approximately 17
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
weeks to 26 weeks of gestation. This phase is so named because of the appearance of
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
vascular channels,or capillaries, which begin to grow by forming a capillary network
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
around the air passages.
bb bb bb bb
During the pseudoglandular stage, which begins at day 52 and extends to week 16 of
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
gestation, the airway system subdivides extensively and the conducting airway system
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
develops, ending with the terminal bronchioles. The saccular stage of development, which
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
takes place from weeks29 to 36 of gestation, is characterized by the development of sacs
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
that later become alveoli.
bb bb bb bb
During the saccular phase, a tremendous increase in the potential gas- exchanging surface
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
area occurs. The distinction between the saccular stage and the alveolar stage is
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
arbitrary. The alveolar stage stretches from 39 weeks of gestation to term. This stage is
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
represented by the establishment of alveoli.
bb bb bb bb bb bb
REF: pp. 3-5bb bb
2. Regarding postnatal lung growth, by approximately what age do most of the alveoli
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
that will be present in the lungs for life develop?
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
a. 6 months
bb
,b. 1 yearbb
c. 1.5 years bb
d. 2 years
bb
ANS: C bb
Most of the postnatal formation of alveoli in the infant occurs over the first 1.5 years of life.
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
At 2 years of age, the number of alveoli varies substantially among individuals. After 2
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
years of age, males have more alveoli than do females. After alveolar multiplication ends,
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
the alveoli continueto increase in size until thoracic growth is completed.
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
REF: p. 6 bb bb
3. The respiratory therapist is evaluating a newborn with mild respiratory distress
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
due to tracheal stenosis. During which period of lung development did this problem
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
develop?
bb
a. Embryonal
b. Saccular
c. Canalicular
d. Alveolar
ANS: A bb
The initial structures of the pulmonary tree develop during the embryonal stage. Errors in
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
development during this time may result in laryngeal, tracheal, or esophageal atresia or
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
stenosis. Pulmonary hypoplasia, an incomplete development of the lungs characterized by
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
an abnormally low number and/or size of bronchopulmonary segments and/or alveoli, can
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
develop during the pseudoglandular phase. If the fetus is born during the canalicular
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
phase (i.e., prematurely), severerespiratory distress can be expected because the
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
inadequately developed airways, along with insufficient and immature surfactant
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
production by alveolar type II cells, gives rise to the constellation of problems known as
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
infant respiratory distress syndrome.
bb bb bb bb
, REF: bb bb p. 6 bb
4. Which of the following mechanisms is (are) responsible for the possible
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
association between oligohydramnios and lung hypoplasia?
bb bb bb bb bb bb
I. Abnormal carbohydrate metabolism bb bb
II. Mechanical restriction of the chest wall bb bb bb bb bb
III. Interference with fetal breathing bb bb bb
IV. Failure to produce fetal lung liquid
bb bb bb bb bb
a. I and III only
bb bb bb
b. II and III only
bb bb bb
c. I, II, and IV only
bb bb bb bb
d. II, III, and IV only
bb bb bb bb
ANS: D bb
Oligohydramnios, a reduced quantity of amniotic fluid present for an extended period of
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
time, with or without renal anomalies, is associated with lung hypoplasia. The mechanisms
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
by which amniotic fluid volume influences lung growth remain unclear. Possible
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
explanations for reducedquantity of amniotic fluid include mechanical restriction of the
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
chest wall, interference with fetalbreathing, or failure to produce fetal lung liquid. These
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
clinical and experimental observations possibly point to a common denominator, lung
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
stretch, as being a major growth stimulant.
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
REF: pp. 6-7bb bb
5. What is the purpose of the substance secreted by the type II pneumocyte?
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
bb RespiratoryCare5thEdition
b b b
Walsh Test Bank A+
bb bb bb bb
, Chapter 1: Fetal Lung Development Test Bank bb bb bb bb bb bb
MULTIPLE CHOICE bb
1. Which of the following phases of human lung development is characterized by
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
the formation of a capillary network around airway passages?
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
a. Pseudoglandular
b. Saccular
c. Alveolar
d. Canalicular
ANS: D bb
The canalicular phase follows the pseudoglandular phase, lasting from approximately 17
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
weeks to 26 weeks of gestation. This phase is so named because of the appearance of
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
vascular channels,or capillaries, which begin to grow by forming a capillary network
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
around the air passages.
bb bb bb bb
During the pseudoglandular stage, which begins at day 52 and extends to week 16 of
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
gestation, the airway system subdivides extensively and the conducting airway system
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
develops, ending with the terminal bronchioles. The saccular stage of development, which
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
takes place from weeks29 to 36 of gestation, is characterized by the development of sacs
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
that later become alveoli.
bb bb bb bb
During the saccular phase, a tremendous increase in the potential gas- exchanging surface
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
area occurs. The distinction between the saccular stage and the alveolar stage is
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
arbitrary. The alveolar stage stretches from 39 weeks of gestation to term. This stage is
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
represented by the establishment of alveoli.
bb bb bb bb bb bb
REF: pp. 3-5bb bb
2. Regarding postnatal lung growth, by approximately what age do most of the alveoli
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
that will be present in the lungs for life develop?
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
a. 6 months
bb
,b. 1 yearbb
c. 1.5 years bb
d. 2 years
bb
ANS: C bb
Most of the postnatal formation of alveoli in the infant occurs over the first 1.5 years of life.
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
At 2 years of age, the number of alveoli varies substantially among individuals. After 2
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
years of age, males have more alveoli than do females. After alveolar multiplication ends,
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
the alveoli continueto increase in size until thoracic growth is completed.
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
REF: p. 6 bb bb
3. The respiratory therapist is evaluating a newborn with mild respiratory distress
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
due to tracheal stenosis. During which period of lung development did this problem
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
develop?
bb
a. Embryonal
b. Saccular
c. Canalicular
d. Alveolar
ANS: A bb
The initial structures of the pulmonary tree develop during the embryonal stage. Errors in
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
development during this time may result in laryngeal, tracheal, or esophageal atresia or
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
stenosis. Pulmonary hypoplasia, an incomplete development of the lungs characterized by
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
an abnormally low number and/or size of bronchopulmonary segments and/or alveoli, can
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
develop during the pseudoglandular phase. If the fetus is born during the canalicular
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
phase (i.e., prematurely), severerespiratory distress can be expected because the
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
inadequately developed airways, along with insufficient and immature surfactant
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
production by alveolar type II cells, gives rise to the constellation of problems known as
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
infant respiratory distress syndrome.
bb bb bb bb
, REF: bb bb p. 6 bb
4. Which of the following mechanisms is (are) responsible for the possible
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
association between oligohydramnios and lung hypoplasia?
bb bb bb bb bb bb
I. Abnormal carbohydrate metabolism bb bb
II. Mechanical restriction of the chest wall bb bb bb bb bb
III. Interference with fetal breathing bb bb bb
IV. Failure to produce fetal lung liquid
bb bb bb bb bb
a. I and III only
bb bb bb
b. II and III only
bb bb bb
c. I, II, and IV only
bb bb bb bb
d. II, III, and IV only
bb bb bb bb
ANS: D bb
Oligohydramnios, a reduced quantity of amniotic fluid present for an extended period of
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
time, with or without renal anomalies, is associated with lung hypoplasia. The mechanisms
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
by which amniotic fluid volume influences lung growth remain unclear. Possible
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
explanations for reducedquantity of amniotic fluid include mechanical restriction of the
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
chest wall, interference with fetalbreathing, or failure to produce fetal lung liquid. These
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
clinical and experimental observations possibly point to a common denominator, lung
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
stretch, as being a major growth stimulant.
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
REF: pp. 6-7bb bb
5. What is the purpose of the substance secreted by the type II pneumocyte?
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
