PHM 350 Exam 1 Complete Questions
With Actual Solutions
effects con ca cdrug cis cdependent con.. c- ccorrect canswers✔✔dose cof cdrug cand con
cproperties cof cdrug
pharmacokinetics c- ccorrect canswers✔✔the cterm cused cto cdescribe chow cthe cintensity
cof cdrug ceffect cis ctime cdependent cand cthe cfactors ccontrolling cthis ctime cdependence
pharmacodynamics c- ccorrect canswers✔✔the cterm cused cto cdescribe cmechanism cor
cnature cof cdrug ceffect cand crelationship cof cdrug cconcentration cand cintensity cof cdrug
ceffect
absorption c- ccorrect canswers✔✔important cprocesses cfrom cgetting ca cdrug cfrom cany
cspace cor ccompartment cin cthe cbody cto cany cother cspace
5 cdrug cmovement cmechanisms c- ccorrect canswers✔✔bulk cflow
transporter c
endocytosis c
exocytosis c
diffusion
bulk cflow c- ccorrect canswers✔✔hydrostatic cand cosmotic cpressures c(venous cand
carteriole cends)
in cbulk cflow cat cthe carteriole cend cthe cintravascular cpressure cis chigher cthan cthe c-
ccorrect canswers✔✔extravascular cpressure c(and cthat cis cmostly chydrostatic) c-- cblood
cvessel ccan cbe cconsidered ca cgarden chose cwith choles con cit cso chydrostatic cpressure
cpushes cwater cand csome cdrug cinto cthe cextravascular cspace
in cbulk cflow cat cthe cvenous cend c- ccorrect canswers✔✔it cis cosmotic cpressure cand
cthere cis cwater cmoving cfrom cthe cextravascular cspace cback cinto cthe cvein
in cbulk cflow cthe carteriole cand cveinule's cdrug cmovement cis cin c- ccorrect
canswers✔✔opposite cdirections c(with cwater)
bulk cflow cis cmore cimportant cfor c- ccorrect canswers✔✔distribution c(from cblood) cthan
cabsorption
,transporter c- ccorrect canswers✔✔molecule cmoved cacross cmembranes c(therefore
cacross ccell clayers) cby ctransporter cmolecule cembedded cin cthe cmembrane
in cthe ctransporter cmechanism c- ccorrect canswers✔✔the cdrugs cbind cto cthe
ctransporter cand cthey cstop cthe ctransporter cfrom cbeing cactive cso cthey cprevent cwhat
cis cnormally ctransported
transporters care crarely ca cmechanism cfor c- ccorrect canswers✔✔movement cof cdrugs
cacross ccell cmembrane cor ccell clayer
exocytosis c- ccorrect canswers✔✔molecule cmoved cacross cmembranes cas cvesicle
ccontents cmove cinto cor cout cof cthe ccell c(release cof ctransmitters cfrom caxon cterminals
cof cnerves cinto cthe csynaptic cgap cso cthey care cvomited cout cinto cthe cextravascular
cspace)
endocytosis c- ccorrect canswers✔✔cell cwill cbring cin cmaterial cfrom cthe cextracellular
cspace cand cbrings cit cinto cthe ccell cso cthat cit cis cin cthe cvesicle
all ccompounds cdiffuse cacross c- ccorrect canswers✔✔membranes
most cimportant cmechanism cfor cdrug cmovement cacross cmembranes cinto cand cout cof
ccells cand cacross ccell clayers cis c- ccorrect canswers✔✔diffusion
diffusion cdepends con c- ccorrect canswers✔✔physical cand cchemical cnature cof cdrug
cmolecule c
characteristic con cwhich cdrug cmolecule cis cdesigned
the csurface carea cfor cwhich cthe cdrug cis cbeing cabsorbed cmatters c- ca cbigger carea
cequals c- ccorrect canswers✔✔more cdrug cper cminute cmoving cacross cthe carea
if cthe cskin cor cGI ctract cdoesn't chave cblood cvessels cthen cthe cabsorbed cdrug cdoesn't
cget cinto cthe cblood ctherefore cdoes cnot c- ccorrect canswers✔✔get canywhere celse cso
cthere chas cto cbe cvascularization cof cthat csurface cand cthere cneeds cto cbe cblood cflow
most cdrugs care cabsorbed cfrom cthe c- ccorrect canswers✔✔lumen cof cthe cGI ctract cinto
cthe cblood cinto cthe cvascular cspace cand cblood cvessels cthrough ccrossing
cmembranes, ccell clayers cfrom cone cplace cto cthe cother c(and cthis cis cmostly cdiffusion)
net cmovement cof cdiffusion c- ccorrect canswers✔✔from cthe chigh cconcentration cto cthe
clow cconcentration ccompartment c(down cthe cconcentration cgradient)
the cgreater cthe cconcentration cgradient cof ca cdrug cacross ca cmembrane cthe cmore
crapid cthe c- ccorrect canswers✔✔transmembrane cmovement cof cthe cdrug cis c(bigger
cthe cdifference, cfaster cmovement cof cmolecules)
,equilibrium c- ccorrect canswers✔✔steady cstate cconditions cor cunchanging cconditions
c(the camount cof ca cdrug cgoing cfrom cone ccompartment cto canother cis cexactly cthe
csame cin cthe creverse cversion)
equilibrium cdoes cnot cnecessarily cmean c- ccorrect canswers✔✔equality cof
cconcentration cacross cmembrane cor ccell clayer
at cequilibrium cthe crate cof cdiffusion cof cdrug cmolecule cacross ca cmembrane cis cthe c-
ccorrect canswers✔✔same cin cboth cdirections; cnet cmovement czero
diffusion cof cnon-ionized cdrug cmolecules c- ccorrect canswers✔✔totally cpassive c
drug cmolecules chave cno ccontrol, cmembranes chave cno ccontrol ceither
non cionized cmeans cthe ccharge cis c- ccorrect canswers✔✔zero
a cnon-ionized cdrug cwill cdiffuse cacross cthe cmembranes cinto cthe cother cchamber cuntil
c- ccorrect canswers✔✔equilibrium
mass cand ccompactness cof cdrugs c- ccorrect canswers✔✔cannot cchange cone cfeature
cwithout cchanging canother c
drugs ccan cbe csmall cor cvery ccompact c
small cmolecules cdiffuse cmore crapidly; clarge cmolecules cdiffuse cmore cslowly c(size
cmatters)
lipid csolubility c- ccorrect canswers✔✔membrane cis cmade cup cof cproteins cand clipids
c(bilayer) c
some cdissolve cnicely cin cwater c(hydrophilic) c
some cdissolve cnicely cin clipids c(lipophilic) c
other cdrugs cdo cnot cdissolve cwell cin clipids c(lipophobic)
every cdrug chas ca cdegree cof c- ccorrect canswers✔✔lipophilicity cand chydrophilicity
alcohol chas ca cvery chigh c- ccorrect canswers✔✔lipophilicity cand cvery chigh
chydrophilicity
lipophilicity cand chydrophilicity cis c- ccorrect canswers✔✔inversely crelated
the clipophobic ctakes cway cmore ctime cto cget cto cequilibrium cthan cthe c- ccorrect
canswers✔✔lipophilic c
, because cthe clipophilic cdrug cgets cmore cdrug cmolecules cthrough cthe cmembrane cper
cminute cthan cthe clipophobic cdrug
ionized cforms cof cdrugs care c- ccorrect canswers✔✔more csoluble cin cwater
non-ionized cforms cof cdrugs care c- ccorrect canswers✔✔more csoluble cin clipid
non-ionized cform cdiffuses cacross c- ccorrect canswers✔✔membrane c(move crelatively
cfast)
ionized cform cdoes cnot cdiffuse cacross c- ccorrect canswers✔✔membrane c(charged cso
cthe crate cat cwhich cit cmoves cacross cmembranes cfalls cincredibly)
if cnon-ionized cdrug cconcentration cis cthe csame con cboth csides cof ca cmembrane c-
ccorrect canswers✔✔net cmovement cis czero cand cthe csystem cis cat cequilibrium
if cnon-ionized cdrug cconcentration cis cdifferent con ctwo csides cof ca cmembrane cnet
cmovement cis c- ccorrect canswers✔✔not czero cand cthe csystem cis cnot cat cequilibrium
most cdrugs care cweak cacids cor cweak cbases c- ccorrect canswers✔✔depending con cthe
cenvironment cyou cput cthe cdrug cinto cit cwill ceither ctake con ca cproton cor cgive ca
cproton
weak cbases cwill ctake con ca c- ccorrect canswers✔✔proton
weak cacids cwill cgive cup ca c- ccorrect canswers✔✔proton
fraction cof cmolecules cin cnon-ionized cand cionized cstate cdepends con c- ccorrect
canswers✔✔pKA cof cthe cdrug cand cpH cof cthe cenvironment cinto cwhich cthe cdrug cis
cbeing cplaced c(henderson chasselbach cequation)
pKA cis cthe c- ccorrect canswers✔✔pH cat cwhich chalf cmolecules care cionized cand cthe
cremainder care cnon-ionized
every cdrug chas ca cdifferent c- ccorrect canswers✔✔pKA
when cyou cput ca cdrug cmolecule cinto cthe cbody, cthat cdrug cwill cnot cchange cthe c-
ccorrect canswers✔✔pH cof cthe cenvironment
it cis cthe cenvironmental cpH cthat cinfluences cthe cdrug
henderson cHaselbach cequation cfor cacids c- ccorrect canswers✔✔pKA c= cpH c+ clog
c[HA]/[A-]
With Actual Solutions
effects con ca cdrug cis cdependent con.. c- ccorrect canswers✔✔dose cof cdrug cand con
cproperties cof cdrug
pharmacokinetics c- ccorrect canswers✔✔the cterm cused cto cdescribe chow cthe cintensity
cof cdrug ceffect cis ctime cdependent cand cthe cfactors ccontrolling cthis ctime cdependence
pharmacodynamics c- ccorrect canswers✔✔the cterm cused cto cdescribe cmechanism cor
cnature cof cdrug ceffect cand crelationship cof cdrug cconcentration cand cintensity cof cdrug
ceffect
absorption c- ccorrect canswers✔✔important cprocesses cfrom cgetting ca cdrug cfrom cany
cspace cor ccompartment cin cthe cbody cto cany cother cspace
5 cdrug cmovement cmechanisms c- ccorrect canswers✔✔bulk cflow
transporter c
endocytosis c
exocytosis c
diffusion
bulk cflow c- ccorrect canswers✔✔hydrostatic cand cosmotic cpressures c(venous cand
carteriole cends)
in cbulk cflow cat cthe carteriole cend cthe cintravascular cpressure cis chigher cthan cthe c-
ccorrect canswers✔✔extravascular cpressure c(and cthat cis cmostly chydrostatic) c-- cblood
cvessel ccan cbe cconsidered ca cgarden chose cwith choles con cit cso chydrostatic cpressure
cpushes cwater cand csome cdrug cinto cthe cextravascular cspace
in cbulk cflow cat cthe cvenous cend c- ccorrect canswers✔✔it cis cosmotic cpressure cand
cthere cis cwater cmoving cfrom cthe cextravascular cspace cback cinto cthe cvein
in cbulk cflow cthe carteriole cand cveinule's cdrug cmovement cis cin c- ccorrect
canswers✔✔opposite cdirections c(with cwater)
bulk cflow cis cmore cimportant cfor c- ccorrect canswers✔✔distribution c(from cblood) cthan
cabsorption
,transporter c- ccorrect canswers✔✔molecule cmoved cacross cmembranes c(therefore
cacross ccell clayers) cby ctransporter cmolecule cembedded cin cthe cmembrane
in cthe ctransporter cmechanism c- ccorrect canswers✔✔the cdrugs cbind cto cthe
ctransporter cand cthey cstop cthe ctransporter cfrom cbeing cactive cso cthey cprevent cwhat
cis cnormally ctransported
transporters care crarely ca cmechanism cfor c- ccorrect canswers✔✔movement cof cdrugs
cacross ccell cmembrane cor ccell clayer
exocytosis c- ccorrect canswers✔✔molecule cmoved cacross cmembranes cas cvesicle
ccontents cmove cinto cor cout cof cthe ccell c(release cof ctransmitters cfrom caxon cterminals
cof cnerves cinto cthe csynaptic cgap cso cthey care cvomited cout cinto cthe cextravascular
cspace)
endocytosis c- ccorrect canswers✔✔cell cwill cbring cin cmaterial cfrom cthe cextracellular
cspace cand cbrings cit cinto cthe ccell cso cthat cit cis cin cthe cvesicle
all ccompounds cdiffuse cacross c- ccorrect canswers✔✔membranes
most cimportant cmechanism cfor cdrug cmovement cacross cmembranes cinto cand cout cof
ccells cand cacross ccell clayers cis c- ccorrect canswers✔✔diffusion
diffusion cdepends con c- ccorrect canswers✔✔physical cand cchemical cnature cof cdrug
cmolecule c
characteristic con cwhich cdrug cmolecule cis cdesigned
the csurface carea cfor cwhich cthe cdrug cis cbeing cabsorbed cmatters c- ca cbigger carea
cequals c- ccorrect canswers✔✔more cdrug cper cminute cmoving cacross cthe carea
if cthe cskin cor cGI ctract cdoesn't chave cblood cvessels cthen cthe cabsorbed cdrug cdoesn't
cget cinto cthe cblood ctherefore cdoes cnot c- ccorrect canswers✔✔get canywhere celse cso
cthere chas cto cbe cvascularization cof cthat csurface cand cthere cneeds cto cbe cblood cflow
most cdrugs care cabsorbed cfrom cthe c- ccorrect canswers✔✔lumen cof cthe cGI ctract cinto
cthe cblood cinto cthe cvascular cspace cand cblood cvessels cthrough ccrossing
cmembranes, ccell clayers cfrom cone cplace cto cthe cother c(and cthis cis cmostly cdiffusion)
net cmovement cof cdiffusion c- ccorrect canswers✔✔from cthe chigh cconcentration cto cthe
clow cconcentration ccompartment c(down cthe cconcentration cgradient)
the cgreater cthe cconcentration cgradient cof ca cdrug cacross ca cmembrane cthe cmore
crapid cthe c- ccorrect canswers✔✔transmembrane cmovement cof cthe cdrug cis c(bigger
cthe cdifference, cfaster cmovement cof cmolecules)
,equilibrium c- ccorrect canswers✔✔steady cstate cconditions cor cunchanging cconditions
c(the camount cof ca cdrug cgoing cfrom cone ccompartment cto canother cis cexactly cthe
csame cin cthe creverse cversion)
equilibrium cdoes cnot cnecessarily cmean c- ccorrect canswers✔✔equality cof
cconcentration cacross cmembrane cor ccell clayer
at cequilibrium cthe crate cof cdiffusion cof cdrug cmolecule cacross ca cmembrane cis cthe c-
ccorrect canswers✔✔same cin cboth cdirections; cnet cmovement czero
diffusion cof cnon-ionized cdrug cmolecules c- ccorrect canswers✔✔totally cpassive c
drug cmolecules chave cno ccontrol, cmembranes chave cno ccontrol ceither
non cionized cmeans cthe ccharge cis c- ccorrect canswers✔✔zero
a cnon-ionized cdrug cwill cdiffuse cacross cthe cmembranes cinto cthe cother cchamber cuntil
c- ccorrect canswers✔✔equilibrium
mass cand ccompactness cof cdrugs c- ccorrect canswers✔✔cannot cchange cone cfeature
cwithout cchanging canother c
drugs ccan cbe csmall cor cvery ccompact c
small cmolecules cdiffuse cmore crapidly; clarge cmolecules cdiffuse cmore cslowly c(size
cmatters)
lipid csolubility c- ccorrect canswers✔✔membrane cis cmade cup cof cproteins cand clipids
c(bilayer) c
some cdissolve cnicely cin cwater c(hydrophilic) c
some cdissolve cnicely cin clipids c(lipophilic) c
other cdrugs cdo cnot cdissolve cwell cin clipids c(lipophobic)
every cdrug chas ca cdegree cof c- ccorrect canswers✔✔lipophilicity cand chydrophilicity
alcohol chas ca cvery chigh c- ccorrect canswers✔✔lipophilicity cand cvery chigh
chydrophilicity
lipophilicity cand chydrophilicity cis c- ccorrect canswers✔✔inversely crelated
the clipophobic ctakes cway cmore ctime cto cget cto cequilibrium cthan cthe c- ccorrect
canswers✔✔lipophilic c
, because cthe clipophilic cdrug cgets cmore cdrug cmolecules cthrough cthe cmembrane cper
cminute cthan cthe clipophobic cdrug
ionized cforms cof cdrugs care c- ccorrect canswers✔✔more csoluble cin cwater
non-ionized cforms cof cdrugs care c- ccorrect canswers✔✔more csoluble cin clipid
non-ionized cform cdiffuses cacross c- ccorrect canswers✔✔membrane c(move crelatively
cfast)
ionized cform cdoes cnot cdiffuse cacross c- ccorrect canswers✔✔membrane c(charged cso
cthe crate cat cwhich cit cmoves cacross cmembranes cfalls cincredibly)
if cnon-ionized cdrug cconcentration cis cthe csame con cboth csides cof ca cmembrane c-
ccorrect canswers✔✔net cmovement cis czero cand cthe csystem cis cat cequilibrium
if cnon-ionized cdrug cconcentration cis cdifferent con ctwo csides cof ca cmembrane cnet
cmovement cis c- ccorrect canswers✔✔not czero cand cthe csystem cis cnot cat cequilibrium
most cdrugs care cweak cacids cor cweak cbases c- ccorrect canswers✔✔depending con cthe
cenvironment cyou cput cthe cdrug cinto cit cwill ceither ctake con ca cproton cor cgive ca
cproton
weak cbases cwill ctake con ca c- ccorrect canswers✔✔proton
weak cacids cwill cgive cup ca c- ccorrect canswers✔✔proton
fraction cof cmolecules cin cnon-ionized cand cionized cstate cdepends con c- ccorrect
canswers✔✔pKA cof cthe cdrug cand cpH cof cthe cenvironment cinto cwhich cthe cdrug cis
cbeing cplaced c(henderson chasselbach cequation)
pKA cis cthe c- ccorrect canswers✔✔pH cat cwhich chalf cmolecules care cionized cand cthe
cremainder care cnon-ionized
every cdrug chas ca cdifferent c- ccorrect canswers✔✔pKA
when cyou cput ca cdrug cmolecule cinto cthe cbody, cthat cdrug cwill cnot cchange cthe c-
ccorrect canswers✔✔pH cof cthe cenvironment
it cis cthe cenvironmental cpH cthat cinfluences cthe cdrug
henderson cHaselbach cequation cfor cacids c- ccorrect canswers✔✔pKA c= cpH c+ clog
c[HA]/[A-]
