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the brain begins as an embryonic structure called the - ANSWER-neural tube, shortly
after conception it is formed in neurulation, all areas of the brain develop from here
the brain is considered mature around what age - ANSWER-25, the brain is not mature
until our mid-twenties because the prefrontal cortex (which enables executive function
abilities) continues to develop until this time
what is the sequence in which we learn our abilities - ANSWER-sensory, motor,
emotional skills, executive function skills (begin in early childhood but their sensitive
period of development continues into early adulthood)
what stages of development are the most plastic and the least - ANSWER-early
childhood, late childhood, adolescence, adulthood, the brain becomes progressively
less plastic with age
the age at which a human has the most connections between neurons is - ANSWER-3,
as the brain ages, unused connections are pruned away and active connections are
strengthened
how do experiences shape the developing brain - ANSWER-they influence which neural
connections are strengthened or pruned, they help us practice our skills
at what stage of development do negative experiences influence the architecture of the
developing brain - ANSWER-at any stage of development, which neural circuits will be
affected depends on when the negative experience occurs
, most traits and diseases in humans are derived from - ANSWER-the interaction
between genes and environmental influences
what is an example of an epigenetic effect - ANSWER-an environmental factor modifies
the area surrounding a gene such that expression decreases
is manual dexterity related to the quality of parental care a child receives - ANSWER-no
which gene has been shown to be epigenetically modified by the quality of maternal
care in rat offsrping - ANSWER-the glucocorticoid receptor gene which is methylated in
response to maternal care
what happens to the tress response system when the glucocorticoid receptor gene is
epigenetically modified such that it is less active and produced fewer receptors -
ANSWER-the stress response increases
what pre-existing conditions are associated with epigenetic modification of the
glucocorticoid receptor gene in victims of suicide - ANSWER-childhood maltreatment
which aspect of development is NOT affected by social interactions - ANSWER-
cognitive, social, emotional, language, physical and behavioral development are all
affected by social interactions
human infants need to be taught how to react to social causes by - ANSWER-nothing-
infants have an innate response to social cues
what is meant by a "serve and return" interaction - ANSWER-it is the interaction
between a child and adult where various activities and communication pass back and
forth