WGU BioChem OA Review

If a child has AB blood, what blood type is it's parents? - answer-One parent has type A, and the other parent has type B; one parent has type A or B and the other parent has type AB; Both parents have type AB. What are the characteristics of Hemoglobin in its R (relaxed) state, as opposed to its T (tense) state. - answer-Hgb carries oxygen in its relaxed state and has a higher affinity (more stickiness). Where is glycogen stored? - answer-Mainly in the liver and muscle tissues What is the difference in function of Glucose and Glycogen? - answer-Glycogen stores Glucose in the liver when there is excess. Then it can be broken down back to Glucose to be released into the muscle tissue. Which process is an example of anaerobic metabolism and uses Glycolysis, Lactate Fermentation, and Gluconeogenesis (GLG) - answer-Cori Cycle What converts pyruvate into oxygen? - answer-Gluconeogenesis What will happen if NAD+ is too low? - answer-Glycolysis will stop How do you identify a Cholesterol Fatty Acid Chain? - answer-It has hexagons and pentagons How do you identify a eicosanoid fatty acid? - answer-Shaped like a Bobby pin How do you identify an unsaturated fatty acid chain? - answer-Double Bond(s) How do you identify a medium chain fatty acid? - answer-It has 8-12 carbons What is heterozygous? - answer-EACH parent has a dominate gene and a recessive gene (Xx and Xy) What is homozygous? - answer-EACH parent 2 of the same gene (XX or xx) What determines the structure of secondary protein? - answer-Hydrogen What is a dipeptide? - answer-Peptide composer of two amino acids What does pyruvate recycle in fermentation? - answer-NADH to NAD+ Where are fatty acids catabolized? - answer-Mitochondria What helps denatured proteins in folding? - answer-Chaperones What stimulates beta oxidation of fatty acids? - answer-An increase in NAD+ What happens with a low carb high fat diet? - answer-Acetone is produced in the blood What role does cholesterol play in the cell - answer-Maintains membrane fluidity What is used for ATP when sugar isn't present? - answer-Triglycerides, ketones, fatty acids A father with only daughters affected (anywhere in the tree) - answer-X-linked dominant How does increasing temperature inactivate enzymes? - answer-Changing the 3 dimensional shape Reversible, non competitive inhibition (control catalytic activity) - answer-feedback inhibition Non competitive inhibition - answer-When a drug binds to a allosteric site and changes the structure What happens to tissue when oxygen saturated hemoglobin increases? - answer-Carbon dioxide decreases What happens to carbon dioxide and oxygen when pH decreases? - answer-Carbon dioxide increases and oxygen decreases. (an increase in CO2 results in a decrease in blood pH, resulting in hemoglobin proteins releasing their load of oxygen. Conversely, a decrease in carbon dioxide provokes an increase in pH, which results in hemoglobin picking up more oxygen) T or F the binding of oxygen to a gene changes the structure? - answer-True (Increased affinity is caused by a conformational change, or a structural change in the hemoglobin molecule) Glycolipid - answer-Monosaccharides attaches to a lipid ____________ decreases when glycagon is released in the blood - answer-Ketones What is oxygens role in aerobic metabolism? - answer-It's the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain What molecule is used in gluconeogenesis? - answer-amino acids How does insulin impact carbohydrate metabolism? - answer-It STIMULATES the uptake of glucose from the blood What causes plaque formation? - answer-Missfolding protiens What does CHART stand for - answer-When pH is low Carbon is high, Hydrogen is high, Acidic, Right shift, Tense state. PROTEIN and AMINO ACID disruption affects which structure? - answer-Primary