NSG 170 Test with Questions and 100% Correct
Answers| Latest Update
What are nonspecific symptoms for fluid and electrolyte imbalances? - Answer •Brain
- LOC changes
•Heart - gets 'cranky,' arrythmias
•Kidney - urine output decreases
Red flags for fluid and electrolyte imbalances - Answer •A history of:
--Vomiting, diarrhea, organ failure (kidney, heart, liver)
--Unexplained nausea, fatigue, dizziness, shortness of breath, muscle cramping,
edema, sudden changes in weight
Urine specific gravity - Answer •Normal value: 1.010-1.020
•Decreases with excess fluid volume
Increases with fluid volume deficit
Facts to remember about water retention - Answer •1 L of water weighs 2.2 lbs, equal
to 1 kg
•Weight change of 1 lb = fluid volume change of about 500 mL
What to chart when charting body fluids - Answer C-Color
O-Odor
A-Amount
C-Consistency
,H-How the client is tolerating it
Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) - Answer Ingredients:
• Water
• Amino acids
• Glucose
• Vitamins
• Electrolytes
• Lipids
• Concentrations provide enough calories to meet the patient's daily nutritional needs
• Must compare TPN hanging against orders at the start of your shift.
When is total parenteral nutrition (TPN) indicated? - Answer • 10% deficit in body wt.
• Inability to take oral food or fluids within 7 post- op days.
• High metabolic or Hyper-catabolic situations
• Major infection with fever.
• Major burns.
What are risks with TPN? - Answer • CLABSI-Central line associated blood stream infection
• Must change solution and tubing every 24 hours
• Glucose regulation
• Cannot stop TPN abruptly
• Hang D10W for interruptions
• Finger stick glucose every 6 hours with sliding scale insulin coverage
• Liver dysfunction
,• Monitor liver enzymes
• Fluid & Electrolyte imbalances
Why are infants more at risk for fluid and electrolyte imbalances compared to adults? -
Answer --The amount of fluid digested should equal the amount of fluid lost.
--Faster respiratory rates result in higher evaporative water loss.
--A child is more likely to lose extracellular fluid (ECF) than intracellular fluid (ICF).
Symptoms of dehydration in children - Answer --Fewer wet diapers than usual
--No tears when crying; inside of mouth dry and sticky --Irritability; high-
pitched cry
--Difficulty in awakening
--Increased respiratory rate or difficulty breathing -
-Sunken soft spot, sunken eyes with dark circles --
Abnormal skin color, temperature or dryness
Caring for the child who is vomiting - Answer --Observe and report vomiting.
--Assess for associated problems, such as dehydration.
--Implement measures to reduce vomiting.
--Record accurate intake and output.
--Evaluate the effectiveness of therapy.
--Prevent aspiration.
Manifestations of dehydration in children - Answer --Mild dehydration (less than 5%
of body weight)
--Moderate dehydration (greater than 5% to 10% of body weight)
--Severe dehydration (greater than 10% of body weight)
, Normal BUN levels - Answer 7-24 mg/dL
Normal Creatinine levels - Answer 0.7 to 1.4 mg/dL
Normal Glucose levels - Answer 60 to 120
**current science says 15 g is adequate to bring up the blood glucose (remember rule
of 15).
Normal Carbon Dioxide levels - Answer 22-28
What can excess fluid cause? - Answer Edema, hypertension, and crackles/rales
What is plasma? - Answer The liquid portion of the blood
Minimal urine output per hour - Answer --30 mL/hour for adults
--10 mL/hour for children
What are causes of dehydration? - Answer 1. vomiting
2. diarrhea
3. excessive sweating
4. use of diuretics
5. diabetic ketoacidosis
6. insufficient water intake
7. use of concentrated formula in infants
Answers| Latest Update
What are nonspecific symptoms for fluid and electrolyte imbalances? - Answer •Brain
- LOC changes
•Heart - gets 'cranky,' arrythmias
•Kidney - urine output decreases
Red flags for fluid and electrolyte imbalances - Answer •A history of:
--Vomiting, diarrhea, organ failure (kidney, heart, liver)
--Unexplained nausea, fatigue, dizziness, shortness of breath, muscle cramping,
edema, sudden changes in weight
Urine specific gravity - Answer •Normal value: 1.010-1.020
•Decreases with excess fluid volume
Increases with fluid volume deficit
Facts to remember about water retention - Answer •1 L of water weighs 2.2 lbs, equal
to 1 kg
•Weight change of 1 lb = fluid volume change of about 500 mL
What to chart when charting body fluids - Answer C-Color
O-Odor
A-Amount
C-Consistency
,H-How the client is tolerating it
Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) - Answer Ingredients:
• Water
• Amino acids
• Glucose
• Vitamins
• Electrolytes
• Lipids
• Concentrations provide enough calories to meet the patient's daily nutritional needs
• Must compare TPN hanging against orders at the start of your shift.
When is total parenteral nutrition (TPN) indicated? - Answer • 10% deficit in body wt.
• Inability to take oral food or fluids within 7 post- op days.
• High metabolic or Hyper-catabolic situations
• Major infection with fever.
• Major burns.
What are risks with TPN? - Answer • CLABSI-Central line associated blood stream infection
• Must change solution and tubing every 24 hours
• Glucose regulation
• Cannot stop TPN abruptly
• Hang D10W for interruptions
• Finger stick glucose every 6 hours with sliding scale insulin coverage
• Liver dysfunction
,• Monitor liver enzymes
• Fluid & Electrolyte imbalances
Why are infants more at risk for fluid and electrolyte imbalances compared to adults? -
Answer --The amount of fluid digested should equal the amount of fluid lost.
--Faster respiratory rates result in higher evaporative water loss.
--A child is more likely to lose extracellular fluid (ECF) than intracellular fluid (ICF).
Symptoms of dehydration in children - Answer --Fewer wet diapers than usual
--No tears when crying; inside of mouth dry and sticky --Irritability; high-
pitched cry
--Difficulty in awakening
--Increased respiratory rate or difficulty breathing -
-Sunken soft spot, sunken eyes with dark circles --
Abnormal skin color, temperature or dryness
Caring for the child who is vomiting - Answer --Observe and report vomiting.
--Assess for associated problems, such as dehydration.
--Implement measures to reduce vomiting.
--Record accurate intake and output.
--Evaluate the effectiveness of therapy.
--Prevent aspiration.
Manifestations of dehydration in children - Answer --Mild dehydration (less than 5%
of body weight)
--Moderate dehydration (greater than 5% to 10% of body weight)
--Severe dehydration (greater than 10% of body weight)
, Normal BUN levels - Answer 7-24 mg/dL
Normal Creatinine levels - Answer 0.7 to 1.4 mg/dL
Normal Glucose levels - Answer 60 to 120
**current science says 15 g is adequate to bring up the blood glucose (remember rule
of 15).
Normal Carbon Dioxide levels - Answer 22-28
What can excess fluid cause? - Answer Edema, hypertension, and crackles/rales
What is plasma? - Answer The liquid portion of the blood
Minimal urine output per hour - Answer --30 mL/hour for adults
--10 mL/hour for children
What are causes of dehydration? - Answer 1. vomiting
2. diarrhea
3. excessive sweating
4. use of diuretics
5. diabetic ketoacidosis
6. insufficient water intake
7. use of concentrated formula in infants
