ATLS EXAM QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS A+ QUARANTEED
PASS
True nhor nhfalse? nhAlthough nhthe nhmechanism nhof nhinjury nhmay nhbe nhsimilar nhto
nhthose nhfor nhthe nhyounger nhpopulation, nhdata nhshows nhincreased nhmortality nhwith
nhsimilar nhseverity nhof nhinjury nhin nholder nhadults. nh- nhCorrect nh nhAnswer nh✔✔ nh-
nhTrue
In nhthe nhelderly nhpopulation, nhwhat nhis nhdecreased nhphysiological nhreserve? nh-
nhCorrect nh nhAnswer nh✔✔ nh- nhaging nhis nhcharacterized nhby nhimpaired nhadaptive
nhand nhhomeostatic nhmechanisms nhthat nhcaused nhan nhincreased nhsusceptibility nhto
nhthe nhstress nhof nhinjury. nhInsults nhtolerated nhby nhthe nhyounger nhpopulation nhcan
nhlead nhto nhdevastating nhresults nhin nhelderly nhpatients.
Pre-existing nhconditions nhthat nhaffect nhmorbidity nhand nhmortality nhinclude: nh- nhCorrect
nh nhAnswer nh✔✔ nh- nhcirrhosis, nhcoagulopathy, nhCOPD, nhischemic nhheart nhdisease,
nhDM
What nhis nhthe nhmost nhcommon nhmechanism nhof nhinjury nhin nhthe nhelderly? nh-
nhCorrect nh nhAnswer nh✔✔ nh- nhFall. nhNonfatal nhfalls nhare nhcommon nhin nhwomen
nhand nhfractures nhare nhcommon nhin nhwomen nhwho nhfall. nhFalls nhare nhthe nhmost
nhcommon nhcause nhof nhTBI.
In nhthe nhelderly nhpopulation, nhwhat nhare nhrisk nhfactors nhfor nhfalls? nh- nhCorrect nh
nhAnswer nh✔✔ nh- nhadvanced nhage, nhphysical nhimpairment, nhhistory nhof nhprevious
nhfall, nhmedication nhuse, nhdementia, nhunsteady nhgait, nhand nhvisual, nhcognitive
nhimpairment
Most nhof nhelderly nhtraffic nhfatalities nhoccur nhin nhthe nhdaytime nhand nhon nhweekends
nhand nhtypically nhinvolve nhother nhvehicles. nhWhy? nh- nhCorrect nh nhAnswer nh✔✔ nh-
nhOlder nhpeople nhdrive nhon nhmore nhfamiliar nhroads nhand nhat nhlower nhspeeds nhand
nhtend nhto nhdrive nhduring nhthe nhday. nhOlder nhpeople nhhave nhslower nhreaction nhtime,
nha nhlarger nhblind nhspot, nhlimited nhcervical nhmobility, nhdecreased nhhearing, nhand
nhcognitive nhimpairment.
True nhor nhFalse? nhMortality nhassociated nhwith nhsmall nhto nhmoderate nhsized nhburns
nhin nholder nhadults nhremains nhhigh nh- nhCorrect nh nhAnswer nh✔✔ nh- nhTrue
,Spilled nhhot nhliquids nhon nhthe nhleg, nhwhich nhin nhyounger nhpatients nhmay nhre-
epithelialize nhdue nhto nhan nhadequate nhnumber nhof nhhair nhfollicles, nhwill nhresult nhin nha
nhfull nhthickness nhburn nhin nholder nhpatients. nh- nhCorrect nh nhAnswer nh✔✔ nh- nhthis nhis
nhtrue
Airway-patients nhmay nhhave nhdentures nhthat nhmay nhloosen nhor nhobstruct nhthe
nhairway. nhIf nhdentures nhare nhnot nhobstructing nhthe nhairway, nhleave nhthem nhin nhplace
nhfor nhwhat? nh- nhCorrect nh nhAnswer nh✔✔ nh- nhbag nhmask nhventilation, nhas nhit
nhimproves nhmask nhfitting.
When nhpreforming nhrapid nhsequence nhintubation, nhthe nhdose nhof nhbenzos,
nhbarbiturates, nhand nhother nhsedatives nhshould nhbe nhreduced nhto nhwhat nhpercentage
nhto nhminimize nhthe nhrisk nhof nhcardiovascular nhdepression? nh- nhCorrect nh nhAnswer nh
✔✔ nh- nh20-40%
Functional nhchanges nhin nhcardiac nhsystem nhinclude nhdeclining nhfunction, nhdecreased
nhsensitivity nhto nhcatecholamines, nhatherosclerosis nhof nhcoronary nhvessels,
nhincreased nhafterload, nhfixed nhheart nhrate nh(beta nhblockers) nh- nhCorrect nh nhAnswer nh
✔✔ nh- nhthis nhresults nhin nhlack nhof nhclassic nhresponse nhto nhhypovolemia, nhrisk nhfor
nhcardiac nhischemia, nhelevated nhBP nhat nhbaseline, nhand nhincreased nhrisk nhof
nhdysrythmias.
Functional nhchanges nhin nhpulmonary nhsystem nhinclude nhdecreased nhelastic nhrecoil,
nhreduced nhresidual nhcapacity, nhdecreased nhgas nhexchange nhand nhdecreased nhcough
nhreflex nh- nhCorrect nh nhAnswer nh✔✔ nh- nhthus nhthey nhare nhat nhincreased nhrisk nhfor
nhrespiratory nhfailure, nhincreased nhrisk nhfor nhpneumonia, nhand nhpoor nhtolerance nhto
nhrib nhfractures
Functional nhchanges nhin nhrenal nhsystem nhinclude nhloss nhof nhrenal nhmass,
nhdecreased nhGFR, nhand nhdecreased nhsensitivity nhto nhADH nhand nhaldosterone nh-
nhCorrect nh nhAnswer nh✔✔ nh- nhresulting nhin nhdrug nhdosing nhfor nhrenal nhinsufficiency,
nhdecreased nhability nhto nhconcentrate nhurine, nhincreased nhrisk nhfor nhAKI nhand nhurine
nhflow nhmay nhbe nhnormal nhwith nhhypovolemia
Functional nhchanges nhto nhMSK nhinclude nhloss nhof nhlean nhbody nhmass,
nhosteoporosis, nhchanges nhin nhjoints nhand nhcartilage, nhc nhspine nhdegenerative
nhchanges nhand nhloss nhof nhskin nhelastin nhand nhsubcutaneous nhfat nh- nhCorrect nh
nhAnswer nh✔✔ nh- nhresulting nhin nhincreased nhrisk nhfor nhfractures, nhdecreased
nhmobility, nhdifficulty nhfor nhoral nhintubation, nhrisk nhof nhskin nhinjury, nhincreased nhrisk
nhfor nhhypothermia, nhchallenges nhin nhrehabiliation
Functional nhchanges nhin nhEndocrine nhsystem nhinclude nhdecreased nhproduction nhand
nhresponse nhto nhthyroxin nhand nhdecreased nhdehydroepiandrosterone nh(DHEA) nh-
nhCorrect nh nhAnswer nh✔✔ nh- nhresulting nhin nhoccult nhhypothyroidism, nhrelative
nhhypercortisone nhstates nhand nhincreased nhrisk nhof nhinfection
, True nhor nhfalse: nhArthritis nhcan nhcomplicate nhthe nhairway nhand nhcervical nhspine.
nhPatients nhcan nhhave nhmultilevel nhdegenerative nhchanges nhaffecting nhdisk nhspaces
nhand nhposterior nhelements nhassociated nhwith nhsevere nhcentral nhcanal nhstenosis,
nhcord nhcompression, nhand nhmyelomalacia nh- nhCorrect nh nhAnswer nh✔✔ nh- nhtrue
In nhelderly nhpopulation, nhdue nhto nhtheir nhchanges nhin nhpulmonary nhsystem, nhplacing
nha nhgauze nhbetween nhgums nhand nhcheek nhto nhachieve nhseal nhwhen nhusing nhbag
nhvalve nhmask nhventilation nhis nhokay. nhIn nhaddition, nhbecause nhaging nhcauses nha
nhsuppressed nhheart nhrate nhresponse nhto nhhypoxia...... nh- nhCorrect nh nhAnswer nh✔✔
nh- nhrespiratory nhfailure nhmay nhpresent nhinsidiously nhin nholder nhadults.
Age nhrelated nhchanges nhin nhthe nhcardiovascular nhsystem nhplace nhthe nhelderly
nhtrauma nhpatient nhat nhsignificant nhrisk nhfor nhbeing nhinaccurately nhcategorized nhas
nhhemodynamically nhstable. nh- nhCorrect nh nhAnswer nh✔✔ nh- nhElderly nhpatients nhhave
nha nhfixed nhheart nhrate nhand nhfixed nhcardiac nhoutput, nhthus, nhtheir nhresponse nhto
nhhypovolemia nhwill nhinvolve nhincreasing nhtheir nhsystemic nhvascular nhresistance.
nhFurthermore, nhsince nholder nhpatients nhhave nhHTN, nhan nhacceptable nhBP nhmay
nhtruly nhreflect nha nhhypotensive nhstate. nhA nhsystolic nhBP nhof nh110 nhis nhto nhbe
nhutilized nhas nhthe nhthreshold nhfor nhidentifying nhhypotension nhin nhpatients nh65 nhand
nholder.
Do nhno nhequate nhblood nhpressure nhwith nhshock nhin nholder nhpatients nh- nhCorrect nh
nhAnswer nh✔✔ nh- nhBP nhin nholder nhpatients nhmay nhlook nhnormal nhdue nhto nhthe
nhmedications nhthey nhare nhon. nhUse nhlactate nhand nhbase nhdeficit nhto nhevaluate nhfor
nhevidence nhof nhshock
what nh2 nhfactors nhplace nhelderly nhpatients nhat nhrisk nhfor nhintracranial nhhemorrhage?
nh- nhCorrect nh nhAnswer nh✔✔ nh- nhaging nhcauses nhdura nhto nhbecome nhmore
nhadherent nhto nhthe nhskull nhincreasing nhrisk nhof nhinjury nhand nholder nhpatients nhare
nhon nhanticoagulant nhand nhantiplatelet nhmedications.
Loss nhof nhsubcutaneous nhfat, nhnutritional nhdeficiencies, nhchronic nhmedical nhconditions
nhplace nhelderly nhpatients nhas nhrisk nhfor nhhypothermia nhand nhcomplications nhfor
nhimmobility. nh- nhCorrect nh nhAnswer nh✔✔ nh- nhRapid nhevaluation nhand nhwhen
nhpossible nhearly nhliberation nhfrom nhspine nhboards nhand nhcervical nhcollars nhwill
nhminimize nhcomplications.
True nhor nhFalse: nhFall nhprevention nhis nhthe nhmainstay nhof nhreducing nhthe nhmortality
nhassociated nhwith nhpelvic nhfractures. nh- nhCorrect nh nhAnswer nh✔✔ nh- nhtrue
poor nhhygiene, nhdehydration, nhoral nhinjury, nhcontusions nhaffecting nhthe nhinner nharms,
nhinner nhthighs, nhpalms, nhsoles, nhscalp, nhear, nhnasal nhbridge nhand nhtemple nhinjury
nhfrom nhbeing nhstruck nhwhile nhwearing nhglasses, nhcontact nhburns nhand nhscalds.
nhThese nhare nhall nhsigns nhof.......? nh- nhCorrect nh nhAnswer nh✔✔ nh- nhElder
CORRECT ANSWERS A+ QUARANTEED
PASS
True nhor nhfalse? nhAlthough nhthe nhmechanism nhof nhinjury nhmay nhbe nhsimilar nhto
nhthose nhfor nhthe nhyounger nhpopulation, nhdata nhshows nhincreased nhmortality nhwith
nhsimilar nhseverity nhof nhinjury nhin nholder nhadults. nh- nhCorrect nh nhAnswer nh✔✔ nh-
nhTrue
In nhthe nhelderly nhpopulation, nhwhat nhis nhdecreased nhphysiological nhreserve? nh-
nhCorrect nh nhAnswer nh✔✔ nh- nhaging nhis nhcharacterized nhby nhimpaired nhadaptive
nhand nhhomeostatic nhmechanisms nhthat nhcaused nhan nhincreased nhsusceptibility nhto
nhthe nhstress nhof nhinjury. nhInsults nhtolerated nhby nhthe nhyounger nhpopulation nhcan
nhlead nhto nhdevastating nhresults nhin nhelderly nhpatients.
Pre-existing nhconditions nhthat nhaffect nhmorbidity nhand nhmortality nhinclude: nh- nhCorrect
nh nhAnswer nh✔✔ nh- nhcirrhosis, nhcoagulopathy, nhCOPD, nhischemic nhheart nhdisease,
nhDM
What nhis nhthe nhmost nhcommon nhmechanism nhof nhinjury nhin nhthe nhelderly? nh-
nhCorrect nh nhAnswer nh✔✔ nh- nhFall. nhNonfatal nhfalls nhare nhcommon nhin nhwomen
nhand nhfractures nhare nhcommon nhin nhwomen nhwho nhfall. nhFalls nhare nhthe nhmost
nhcommon nhcause nhof nhTBI.
In nhthe nhelderly nhpopulation, nhwhat nhare nhrisk nhfactors nhfor nhfalls? nh- nhCorrect nh
nhAnswer nh✔✔ nh- nhadvanced nhage, nhphysical nhimpairment, nhhistory nhof nhprevious
nhfall, nhmedication nhuse, nhdementia, nhunsteady nhgait, nhand nhvisual, nhcognitive
nhimpairment
Most nhof nhelderly nhtraffic nhfatalities nhoccur nhin nhthe nhdaytime nhand nhon nhweekends
nhand nhtypically nhinvolve nhother nhvehicles. nhWhy? nh- nhCorrect nh nhAnswer nh✔✔ nh-
nhOlder nhpeople nhdrive nhon nhmore nhfamiliar nhroads nhand nhat nhlower nhspeeds nhand
nhtend nhto nhdrive nhduring nhthe nhday. nhOlder nhpeople nhhave nhslower nhreaction nhtime,
nha nhlarger nhblind nhspot, nhlimited nhcervical nhmobility, nhdecreased nhhearing, nhand
nhcognitive nhimpairment.
True nhor nhFalse? nhMortality nhassociated nhwith nhsmall nhto nhmoderate nhsized nhburns
nhin nholder nhadults nhremains nhhigh nh- nhCorrect nh nhAnswer nh✔✔ nh- nhTrue
,Spilled nhhot nhliquids nhon nhthe nhleg, nhwhich nhin nhyounger nhpatients nhmay nhre-
epithelialize nhdue nhto nhan nhadequate nhnumber nhof nhhair nhfollicles, nhwill nhresult nhin nha
nhfull nhthickness nhburn nhin nholder nhpatients. nh- nhCorrect nh nhAnswer nh✔✔ nh- nhthis nhis
nhtrue
Airway-patients nhmay nhhave nhdentures nhthat nhmay nhloosen nhor nhobstruct nhthe
nhairway. nhIf nhdentures nhare nhnot nhobstructing nhthe nhairway, nhleave nhthem nhin nhplace
nhfor nhwhat? nh- nhCorrect nh nhAnswer nh✔✔ nh- nhbag nhmask nhventilation, nhas nhit
nhimproves nhmask nhfitting.
When nhpreforming nhrapid nhsequence nhintubation, nhthe nhdose nhof nhbenzos,
nhbarbiturates, nhand nhother nhsedatives nhshould nhbe nhreduced nhto nhwhat nhpercentage
nhto nhminimize nhthe nhrisk nhof nhcardiovascular nhdepression? nh- nhCorrect nh nhAnswer nh
✔✔ nh- nh20-40%
Functional nhchanges nhin nhcardiac nhsystem nhinclude nhdeclining nhfunction, nhdecreased
nhsensitivity nhto nhcatecholamines, nhatherosclerosis nhof nhcoronary nhvessels,
nhincreased nhafterload, nhfixed nhheart nhrate nh(beta nhblockers) nh- nhCorrect nh nhAnswer nh
✔✔ nh- nhthis nhresults nhin nhlack nhof nhclassic nhresponse nhto nhhypovolemia, nhrisk nhfor
nhcardiac nhischemia, nhelevated nhBP nhat nhbaseline, nhand nhincreased nhrisk nhof
nhdysrythmias.
Functional nhchanges nhin nhpulmonary nhsystem nhinclude nhdecreased nhelastic nhrecoil,
nhreduced nhresidual nhcapacity, nhdecreased nhgas nhexchange nhand nhdecreased nhcough
nhreflex nh- nhCorrect nh nhAnswer nh✔✔ nh- nhthus nhthey nhare nhat nhincreased nhrisk nhfor
nhrespiratory nhfailure, nhincreased nhrisk nhfor nhpneumonia, nhand nhpoor nhtolerance nhto
nhrib nhfractures
Functional nhchanges nhin nhrenal nhsystem nhinclude nhloss nhof nhrenal nhmass,
nhdecreased nhGFR, nhand nhdecreased nhsensitivity nhto nhADH nhand nhaldosterone nh-
nhCorrect nh nhAnswer nh✔✔ nh- nhresulting nhin nhdrug nhdosing nhfor nhrenal nhinsufficiency,
nhdecreased nhability nhto nhconcentrate nhurine, nhincreased nhrisk nhfor nhAKI nhand nhurine
nhflow nhmay nhbe nhnormal nhwith nhhypovolemia
Functional nhchanges nhto nhMSK nhinclude nhloss nhof nhlean nhbody nhmass,
nhosteoporosis, nhchanges nhin nhjoints nhand nhcartilage, nhc nhspine nhdegenerative
nhchanges nhand nhloss nhof nhskin nhelastin nhand nhsubcutaneous nhfat nh- nhCorrect nh
nhAnswer nh✔✔ nh- nhresulting nhin nhincreased nhrisk nhfor nhfractures, nhdecreased
nhmobility, nhdifficulty nhfor nhoral nhintubation, nhrisk nhof nhskin nhinjury, nhincreased nhrisk
nhfor nhhypothermia, nhchallenges nhin nhrehabiliation
Functional nhchanges nhin nhEndocrine nhsystem nhinclude nhdecreased nhproduction nhand
nhresponse nhto nhthyroxin nhand nhdecreased nhdehydroepiandrosterone nh(DHEA) nh-
nhCorrect nh nhAnswer nh✔✔ nh- nhresulting nhin nhoccult nhhypothyroidism, nhrelative
nhhypercortisone nhstates nhand nhincreased nhrisk nhof nhinfection
, True nhor nhfalse: nhArthritis nhcan nhcomplicate nhthe nhairway nhand nhcervical nhspine.
nhPatients nhcan nhhave nhmultilevel nhdegenerative nhchanges nhaffecting nhdisk nhspaces
nhand nhposterior nhelements nhassociated nhwith nhsevere nhcentral nhcanal nhstenosis,
nhcord nhcompression, nhand nhmyelomalacia nh- nhCorrect nh nhAnswer nh✔✔ nh- nhtrue
In nhelderly nhpopulation, nhdue nhto nhtheir nhchanges nhin nhpulmonary nhsystem, nhplacing
nha nhgauze nhbetween nhgums nhand nhcheek nhto nhachieve nhseal nhwhen nhusing nhbag
nhvalve nhmask nhventilation nhis nhokay. nhIn nhaddition, nhbecause nhaging nhcauses nha
nhsuppressed nhheart nhrate nhresponse nhto nhhypoxia...... nh- nhCorrect nh nhAnswer nh✔✔
nh- nhrespiratory nhfailure nhmay nhpresent nhinsidiously nhin nholder nhadults.
Age nhrelated nhchanges nhin nhthe nhcardiovascular nhsystem nhplace nhthe nhelderly
nhtrauma nhpatient nhat nhsignificant nhrisk nhfor nhbeing nhinaccurately nhcategorized nhas
nhhemodynamically nhstable. nh- nhCorrect nh nhAnswer nh✔✔ nh- nhElderly nhpatients nhhave
nha nhfixed nhheart nhrate nhand nhfixed nhcardiac nhoutput, nhthus, nhtheir nhresponse nhto
nhhypovolemia nhwill nhinvolve nhincreasing nhtheir nhsystemic nhvascular nhresistance.
nhFurthermore, nhsince nholder nhpatients nhhave nhHTN, nhan nhacceptable nhBP nhmay
nhtruly nhreflect nha nhhypotensive nhstate. nhA nhsystolic nhBP nhof nh110 nhis nhto nhbe
nhutilized nhas nhthe nhthreshold nhfor nhidentifying nhhypotension nhin nhpatients nh65 nhand
nholder.
Do nhno nhequate nhblood nhpressure nhwith nhshock nhin nholder nhpatients nh- nhCorrect nh
nhAnswer nh✔✔ nh- nhBP nhin nholder nhpatients nhmay nhlook nhnormal nhdue nhto nhthe
nhmedications nhthey nhare nhon. nhUse nhlactate nhand nhbase nhdeficit nhto nhevaluate nhfor
nhevidence nhof nhshock
what nh2 nhfactors nhplace nhelderly nhpatients nhat nhrisk nhfor nhintracranial nhhemorrhage?
nh- nhCorrect nh nhAnswer nh✔✔ nh- nhaging nhcauses nhdura nhto nhbecome nhmore
nhadherent nhto nhthe nhskull nhincreasing nhrisk nhof nhinjury nhand nholder nhpatients nhare
nhon nhanticoagulant nhand nhantiplatelet nhmedications.
Loss nhof nhsubcutaneous nhfat, nhnutritional nhdeficiencies, nhchronic nhmedical nhconditions
nhplace nhelderly nhpatients nhas nhrisk nhfor nhhypothermia nhand nhcomplications nhfor
nhimmobility. nh- nhCorrect nh nhAnswer nh✔✔ nh- nhRapid nhevaluation nhand nhwhen
nhpossible nhearly nhliberation nhfrom nhspine nhboards nhand nhcervical nhcollars nhwill
nhminimize nhcomplications.
True nhor nhFalse: nhFall nhprevention nhis nhthe nhmainstay nhof nhreducing nhthe nhmortality
nhassociated nhwith nhpelvic nhfractures. nh- nhCorrect nh nhAnswer nh✔✔ nh- nhtrue
poor nhhygiene, nhdehydration, nhoral nhinjury, nhcontusions nhaffecting nhthe nhinner nharms,
nhinner nhthighs, nhpalms, nhsoles, nhscalp, nhear, nhnasal nhbridge nhand nhtemple nhinjury
nhfrom nhbeing nhstruck nhwhile nhwearing nhglasses, nhcontact nhburns nhand nhscalds.
nhThese nhare nhall nhsigns nhof.......? nh- nhCorrect nh nhAnswer nh✔✔ nh- nhElder
