BIO 669 Quiz 6 UPDATED ACTUAL
Questions and CORRECT Answers
what are the component of the renal fascia? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- adipose tissue with
a double layer of connective tissue over that.
what is renal ptosis? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- condition in which one or both kidneys
drop to a lower position that can cause kinking of the ureter and the renal vessels
Most common when large amounts of weight is lost.
what is the helium? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- where the renal vessels and the ureter exit
located in the concave part of the kidney's bean shape.
What does the nephron do? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- filters plasma, retaining water and
concentrating urine.
reabsorbs key substances, and secretes unneeded substances
helps form protein free fluid.
fluid volume, electrolyte balance and pH
what part of the nephron is the least extended into the medulla? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-
cortical nephron
what part of the nephrons extend the furthest and tries to concentrate the most urine and
preserve water?? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- juxtamedullary nephrons
what is are the nephrons made up of? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- cortical, midcorticol,
juxtamedullary nephrons
what is makes up the renal corpuscle? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- the glomerulus, the
bowman capsule, and the mesangial cells.
,What are mesangial cells? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- They secrete ____ matrix and lie
between and support the glomerular capillaries (connective tissues cells). Some contract
similar to smooth muscle cells to regulate glomerular capillary blood flow.
part immune cell: they have phagocytic properties and release inflammatory cytokines and
growth factors.
and signal as to what gets filtered and how fast the rate of renal blood flow.
What does the Bowman's capsule do? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- helps to contain and
capture any fluid that leaks out of the glomerulus
What is the glomerulus? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- ball of capillaries, that filters fluid out
of the capillary.
what are principle cells and where are they found? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- found in
distal tubule and reabsorb sodium and secretes potassium (Works with aldosterone)
what are intercalated cells? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- secrete H+ and reabsorb K and
HCO3
(involved in acid base)
What do juxtaglomerular cells do? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- release renin
have the ability to constrict the glomerular capillaries when needed by sensing pressure in the
afferent tubules.
Modified smooth muscle cells
What does the macula densa do? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- senses sodium levels
=determine the need to increase or decrease the flow rate
high sodium= increased flow rate
low sodium= decreased flow rate
, What does the proximal convoluted tubule do? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- active
reabsorption of sodium but also ions (sodium, chloride), and all organic nutrients (glucose,
amino acids, vitamins)
small amounts of secretion of periamin hippuric acid.
what does glumerulotubular balance do? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- adjusts sodium and
water reabsorption
as GFR drops= higher sodium and water reabsorption
as GFR increases= less sodium and water reabsorption
What does the descending loop of henle do? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- permeable to
water and increases concentration enhancing water reabsorption
what does the ascending loop of henle do? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- actively pumps
sodium out= loss of salt and retention of water that changes concentration (much more
diluted water)
what is the glomerular filtration membrane made up of? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- 3
layers:
1. inner capillary endothelium
2. basement membrane
3. Outer capillary endothelium- podocytes and epithelial cells= filtration slits.
What are filtration slits? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Gaps of podocyte that allow for more
filtration of small molecules ( sodium and glucose) out, but large molecules (blood, globulins
etc) stay in.
What is the juxtaglomerular apparatus made up of? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-
juxtaglomerular cells and macula densa
Questions and CORRECT Answers
what are the component of the renal fascia? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- adipose tissue with
a double layer of connective tissue over that.
what is renal ptosis? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- condition in which one or both kidneys
drop to a lower position that can cause kinking of the ureter and the renal vessels
Most common when large amounts of weight is lost.
what is the helium? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- where the renal vessels and the ureter exit
located in the concave part of the kidney's bean shape.
What does the nephron do? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- filters plasma, retaining water and
concentrating urine.
reabsorbs key substances, and secretes unneeded substances
helps form protein free fluid.
fluid volume, electrolyte balance and pH
what part of the nephron is the least extended into the medulla? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-
cortical nephron
what part of the nephrons extend the furthest and tries to concentrate the most urine and
preserve water?? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- juxtamedullary nephrons
what is are the nephrons made up of? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- cortical, midcorticol,
juxtamedullary nephrons
what is makes up the renal corpuscle? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- the glomerulus, the
bowman capsule, and the mesangial cells.
,What are mesangial cells? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- They secrete ____ matrix and lie
between and support the glomerular capillaries (connective tissues cells). Some contract
similar to smooth muscle cells to regulate glomerular capillary blood flow.
part immune cell: they have phagocytic properties and release inflammatory cytokines and
growth factors.
and signal as to what gets filtered and how fast the rate of renal blood flow.
What does the Bowman's capsule do? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- helps to contain and
capture any fluid that leaks out of the glomerulus
What is the glomerulus? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- ball of capillaries, that filters fluid out
of the capillary.
what are principle cells and where are they found? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- found in
distal tubule and reabsorb sodium and secretes potassium (Works with aldosterone)
what are intercalated cells? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- secrete H+ and reabsorb K and
HCO3
(involved in acid base)
What do juxtaglomerular cells do? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- release renin
have the ability to constrict the glomerular capillaries when needed by sensing pressure in the
afferent tubules.
Modified smooth muscle cells
What does the macula densa do? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- senses sodium levels
=determine the need to increase or decrease the flow rate
high sodium= increased flow rate
low sodium= decreased flow rate
, What does the proximal convoluted tubule do? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- active
reabsorption of sodium but also ions (sodium, chloride), and all organic nutrients (glucose,
amino acids, vitamins)
small amounts of secretion of periamin hippuric acid.
what does glumerulotubular balance do? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- adjusts sodium and
water reabsorption
as GFR drops= higher sodium and water reabsorption
as GFR increases= less sodium and water reabsorption
What does the descending loop of henle do? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- permeable to
water and increases concentration enhancing water reabsorption
what does the ascending loop of henle do? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- actively pumps
sodium out= loss of salt and retention of water that changes concentration (much more
diluted water)
what is the glomerular filtration membrane made up of? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- 3
layers:
1. inner capillary endothelium
2. basement membrane
3. Outer capillary endothelium- podocytes and epithelial cells= filtration slits.
What are filtration slits? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Gaps of podocyte that allow for more
filtration of small molecules ( sodium and glucose) out, but large molecules (blood, globulins
etc) stay in.
What is the juxtaglomerular apparatus made up of? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-
juxtaglomerular cells and macula densa
