Sure! Here’s a comprehensive 50-question NCLEX-style practice exam based on topics related
to diabetes, diabetes medications, GERD, GERD medications, and pyloric stenosis. Each
question is followed by the correct answer and a brief explanation.
### Practice Exam: Nursing Fundamentals (Diabetes, GERD, Pyloric Stenosis)
#### Diabetes Management
**Question 1:**
A patient with type 1 diabetes is preparing for insulin therapy. Which statement by the patient
indicates a need for further teaching?
A) "If I feel shaky, I will check my blood sugar."
B) "I should rotate my injection sites."
C) "I can skip my insulin if I'm not eating."
D) "I need to carry a source of glucose with me at all times."
**Answer:** C) "I can skip my insulin if I'm not eating."
**Explanation:** Patients with type 1 diabetes should not skip insulin injections regardless of
food intake, as this can lead to hyperglycemia.
---
**Question 2:**
Which long-term diabetes complication is commonly associated with poor blood sugar control?
A) Osteoporosis
B) Neuropathy
C) Hyperlipidemia
D) Hypothyroidism
**Answer:** B) Neuropathy
**Explanation:** Neuropathy is a common complication of diabetes due to prolonged high blood
sugar levels damaging nerves.
---
**Question 3:**
A nurse is teaching a patient with diabetes about the symptoms of hypoglycemia. Which
symptom should the nurse include?
A) Increased thirst
B) Fruity breath
C) Sweating
,D) Ketones in urine
**Answer:** C) Sweating
**Explanation:** Sweating, shaking, and dizziness are classic symptoms of hypoglycemia.
---
#### Diabetes Medications
**Question 4:**
A patient is prescribed metformin for type 2 diabetes. What teaching should the nurse provide
regarding this medication?
A) It is taken with meals to prevent hypoglycemia.
B) It must be taken on an empty stomach to increase effectiveness.
C) It can cause weight gain.
D) It has a risk for causing ketoacidosis.
**Answer:** A) It is taken with meals to prevent hypoglycemia.
**Explanation:** Metformin is taken with meals to help control blood glucose levels and minimize
gastrointestinal side effects.
---
**Question 5:**
Which class of oral hypoglycemic agents lowers blood glucose by increasing the secretion of
insulin from the pancreas?
A) Biguanides
B) Sulfonylureas
C) Thiazolidinediones
D) DPP-4 inhibitors
**Answer:** B) Sulfonylureas
**Explanation:** Sulfonylureas stimulate the pancreas to produce more insulin.
---
**Question 6:**
What side effect should the nurse monitor for in a patient taking thiazolidinediones (TZDs)?
A) Hypoglycemia
B) Weight gain
C) Diarrhea
, D) Nausea
**Answer:** B) Weight gain
**Explanation:** TZDs can cause fluid retention and weight gain as common side effects.
---
**Question 7:**
A patient with diabetes is prescribed glucagon for emergencies. What should the nurse educate
the patient about glucagon?
A) It is administered orally.
B) It should be injected intramuscularly.
C) It cannot be used if the patient is unconscious.
D) It will raise blood sugar in a hypoglycemic episode.
**Answer:** D) It will raise blood sugar in a hypoglycemic episode.
**Explanation:** Glucagon stimulates glycogenolysis in the liver, raising blood glucose levels
during hypoglycemia.
---
#### GERD Management
**Question 8:**
Which dietary modification is recommended for a patient with gastroesophageal reflux disease
(GERD)?
A) Drink coffee to stimulate digestion.
B) Eat small, frequent meals.
C) Lie down after eating.
D) Consume high-fat meals.
**Answer:** B) Eat small, frequent meals.
**Explanation:** Small meals help reduce pressure on the lower esophageal sphincter and can
minimize GERD symptoms.
---
**Question 9:**
A patient diagnosed with GERD complains of heartburn. Which medication class is usually the
first-line treatment?
A) Antacids
to diabetes, diabetes medications, GERD, GERD medications, and pyloric stenosis. Each
question is followed by the correct answer and a brief explanation.
### Practice Exam: Nursing Fundamentals (Diabetes, GERD, Pyloric Stenosis)
#### Diabetes Management
**Question 1:**
A patient with type 1 diabetes is preparing for insulin therapy. Which statement by the patient
indicates a need for further teaching?
A) "If I feel shaky, I will check my blood sugar."
B) "I should rotate my injection sites."
C) "I can skip my insulin if I'm not eating."
D) "I need to carry a source of glucose with me at all times."
**Answer:** C) "I can skip my insulin if I'm not eating."
**Explanation:** Patients with type 1 diabetes should not skip insulin injections regardless of
food intake, as this can lead to hyperglycemia.
---
**Question 2:**
Which long-term diabetes complication is commonly associated with poor blood sugar control?
A) Osteoporosis
B) Neuropathy
C) Hyperlipidemia
D) Hypothyroidism
**Answer:** B) Neuropathy
**Explanation:** Neuropathy is a common complication of diabetes due to prolonged high blood
sugar levels damaging nerves.
---
**Question 3:**
A nurse is teaching a patient with diabetes about the symptoms of hypoglycemia. Which
symptom should the nurse include?
A) Increased thirst
B) Fruity breath
C) Sweating
,D) Ketones in urine
**Answer:** C) Sweating
**Explanation:** Sweating, shaking, and dizziness are classic symptoms of hypoglycemia.
---
#### Diabetes Medications
**Question 4:**
A patient is prescribed metformin for type 2 diabetes. What teaching should the nurse provide
regarding this medication?
A) It is taken with meals to prevent hypoglycemia.
B) It must be taken on an empty stomach to increase effectiveness.
C) It can cause weight gain.
D) It has a risk for causing ketoacidosis.
**Answer:** A) It is taken with meals to prevent hypoglycemia.
**Explanation:** Metformin is taken with meals to help control blood glucose levels and minimize
gastrointestinal side effects.
---
**Question 5:**
Which class of oral hypoglycemic agents lowers blood glucose by increasing the secretion of
insulin from the pancreas?
A) Biguanides
B) Sulfonylureas
C) Thiazolidinediones
D) DPP-4 inhibitors
**Answer:** B) Sulfonylureas
**Explanation:** Sulfonylureas stimulate the pancreas to produce more insulin.
---
**Question 6:**
What side effect should the nurse monitor for in a patient taking thiazolidinediones (TZDs)?
A) Hypoglycemia
B) Weight gain
C) Diarrhea
, D) Nausea
**Answer:** B) Weight gain
**Explanation:** TZDs can cause fluid retention and weight gain as common side effects.
---
**Question 7:**
A patient with diabetes is prescribed glucagon for emergencies. What should the nurse educate
the patient about glucagon?
A) It is administered orally.
B) It should be injected intramuscularly.
C) It cannot be used if the patient is unconscious.
D) It will raise blood sugar in a hypoglycemic episode.
**Answer:** D) It will raise blood sugar in a hypoglycemic episode.
**Explanation:** Glucagon stimulates glycogenolysis in the liver, raising blood glucose levels
during hypoglycemia.
---
#### GERD Management
**Question 8:**
Which dietary modification is recommended for a patient with gastroesophageal reflux disease
(GERD)?
A) Drink coffee to stimulate digestion.
B) Eat small, frequent meals.
C) Lie down after eating.
D) Consume high-fat meals.
**Answer:** B) Eat small, frequent meals.
**Explanation:** Small meals help reduce pressure on the lower esophageal sphincter and can
minimize GERD symptoms.
---
**Question 9:**
A patient diagnosed with GERD complains of heartburn. Which medication class is usually the
first-line treatment?
A) Antacids
