TESTBANK FOR
PILBEAMS
MECHANICAL
VENTILATION
, Chapter 1; Basic Terms and Concepts of Mechanical Ventilation Test Bank
MULTIPLE CHOICE
The body s mechanism for conducting air in and out of the lungs is known as
•
’
which of the following?
a. External respiration
b. Internal respiration
c. Spontaneous ventilation
d. Mechanical ventilation
ANS: C
The conduction of air in and out of the body is known as ventilation. Since the
question asks for the body s mechanism, this would be spontaneous
’
ventilation. External respiration involves the exchange of oxygen (O2) and
carbon dioxide (CO2) between the alveoli and the pulmonary capillaries. Internal
respiration occurs at the cellular level and involves movement of oxygen from
the systemic blood into the cells.
DIF: 1 REF: pg. 3
Which of the following are involved in external respiration?
•
a. Red blood cells and body cells
b. Scalenes and trapezius
muscles
c. Alveoli and pulmonary
capillaries
d. External oblique and
transverse abdominal muscles
ANS: C
External respiration involves the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide (CO 2)
between the alveoli and the pulmonary capillaries. Internal respiration occurs at
, the cellular level and involves movement of oxygen from the systemic blood
into the cells.
Scalene and trapezius muscles are accessory muscles of inspiration. External
oblique and transverse abdominal muscles are accessory muscles of expiration.
DIF: 1 REF: pg. 3
The graph that shows intrapleural pressure changes during normal
•
spontaneous breathing is depicted by which of the following?
a.
b.
c.
d.
ANS: B
During spontaneous breathing the intrapleural pressure drops from about -5
cm H2O at end-expiration to about -10 cm H2O at end-inspiration. The graph
depicted for answer B shows that change from -5 cm H2O to -10 cm H2O.
DIF: 1 REF: pg. 4
During spontaneous inspiration alveolar pressure (PA) is about:
•
.
a. - 1 cm H2O
b. + 1 cm H2O
c. 0 cm H2O
d. 5 cm H2O
ANS: A
-1 cm H2O is the lowest alveolar pressure will become during normal
spontaneous ventilation. During the exhalation of a normal spontaneous breath
the alveolar pressure will become +1 cm H2O.
, DIF: 1 REF: pg. 3
The pressure required to maintain alveolar inflation is known as which of the
•
following?
a. Transairway pressure (PTA )
b. Transthoracic pressure (PTT)
c. Transrespiratory pressure (PTR)
d. Transpulmonary pressure (PL)
ANS: D
The definition of transpulmonary pressure (PL) is the pressure required to
maintain alveolar inflation. Transairway pressure (PTA ) is the pressure gradient
required to produce airflow in the conducting tubes. Transrespiratory pressure
(PTR) is the pressure to inflate the lungs and airways during positive pressure
ventilation. Transthoracic pressure (PTT) represents the pressure required to
expand or contract the lungs and the chest wall at the same time.
DIF: 1 REF: pg. 3
Calculate the pressure needed to overcome airway resistance during positive
•
pressure ventilation when the proximal airway pressure (PAw) is 35 cm H2O and
the alveolar pressure (PA) is 5 cm H2O.
a. 7 cm H2O
b. 30 cm H2O
c. 40 cm H2O
d. 175 cm H2O
ANS: B
PILBEAMS
MECHANICAL
VENTILATION
, Chapter 1; Basic Terms and Concepts of Mechanical Ventilation Test Bank
MULTIPLE CHOICE
The body s mechanism for conducting air in and out of the lungs is known as
•
’
which of the following?
a. External respiration
b. Internal respiration
c. Spontaneous ventilation
d. Mechanical ventilation
ANS: C
The conduction of air in and out of the body is known as ventilation. Since the
question asks for the body s mechanism, this would be spontaneous
’
ventilation. External respiration involves the exchange of oxygen (O2) and
carbon dioxide (CO2) between the alveoli and the pulmonary capillaries. Internal
respiration occurs at the cellular level and involves movement of oxygen from
the systemic blood into the cells.
DIF: 1 REF: pg. 3
Which of the following are involved in external respiration?
•
a. Red blood cells and body cells
b. Scalenes and trapezius
muscles
c. Alveoli and pulmonary
capillaries
d. External oblique and
transverse abdominal muscles
ANS: C
External respiration involves the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide (CO 2)
between the alveoli and the pulmonary capillaries. Internal respiration occurs at
, the cellular level and involves movement of oxygen from the systemic blood
into the cells.
Scalene and trapezius muscles are accessory muscles of inspiration. External
oblique and transverse abdominal muscles are accessory muscles of expiration.
DIF: 1 REF: pg. 3
The graph that shows intrapleural pressure changes during normal
•
spontaneous breathing is depicted by which of the following?
a.
b.
c.
d.
ANS: B
During spontaneous breathing the intrapleural pressure drops from about -5
cm H2O at end-expiration to about -10 cm H2O at end-inspiration. The graph
depicted for answer B shows that change from -5 cm H2O to -10 cm H2O.
DIF: 1 REF: pg. 4
During spontaneous inspiration alveolar pressure (PA) is about:
•
.
a. - 1 cm H2O
b. + 1 cm H2O
c. 0 cm H2O
d. 5 cm H2O
ANS: A
-1 cm H2O is the lowest alveolar pressure will become during normal
spontaneous ventilation. During the exhalation of a normal spontaneous breath
the alveolar pressure will become +1 cm H2O.
, DIF: 1 REF: pg. 3
The pressure required to maintain alveolar inflation is known as which of the
•
following?
a. Transairway pressure (PTA )
b. Transthoracic pressure (PTT)
c. Transrespiratory pressure (PTR)
d. Transpulmonary pressure (PL)
ANS: D
The definition of transpulmonary pressure (PL) is the pressure required to
maintain alveolar inflation. Transairway pressure (PTA ) is the pressure gradient
required to produce airflow in the conducting tubes. Transrespiratory pressure
(PTR) is the pressure to inflate the lungs and airways during positive pressure
ventilation. Transthoracic pressure (PTT) represents the pressure required to
expand or contract the lungs and the chest wall at the same time.
DIF: 1 REF: pg. 3
Calculate the pressure needed to overcome airway resistance during positive
•
pressure ventilation when the proximal airway pressure (PAw) is 35 cm H2O and
the alveolar pressure (PA) is 5 cm H2O.
a. 7 cm H2O
b. 30 cm H2O
c. 40 cm H2O
d. 175 cm H2O
ANS: B
