SAUNDERS NCLEX
CARDIOVASCULAR EXAM
LATEST UPATE 2024/2025
(VERIFIED QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS)
A client admi,ed to the hospital with chest pain and a history of type 2
diabetes mellitus is scheduled for cardiac catheteriza9on. Which medica9on
would need to be withheld for 24 hours before the procedure and for 48 hours
a>er the procedure?
1.
Glipizide
2.
MeCormin
3.
Repaglinide
4.
Regular insulin
MeCormin
MeCormin needs to be withheld 24 hours before and for 48 hours a>er cardiac
catheteriza9on because of the injec9on of contrast medium during the
procedure. If the contrast medium affects kidney func9on, with meCormin in
,the system the client would be at increased risk for lac9c acidosis. The
medica9ons in the remaining op9ons do not need to be withheld 24 hours
before and 48 hours a>er cardiac catheteriza9on.
A client who had cardiac surgery 24 hours ago has had a urine output averaging
20 ml/hour for 2 hours. The client received a single bolus of 500 ml of
intravenous fluid. Urine output for the subsequent hour was 25 ml. Daily
laboratory results indicate that the blood urea nitrogen level is 45 mg/dl (16
mmol/L) and the serum crea9nine level is 2.2 mg/dl (194 mcmol/L). On the
basis of these findings, the nurse would an9cipate that the client is at risk for
which problem?
1.
Hypovolemia
2.
Acute kidney injury
3.
Glomerulonephri9s
4.
Urinary tract infec9on
Acute kidney injury
The client who undergoes cardiac surgery is at risk for renal injury from poor
perfusion, hemolysis, low cardiac output, or vasopressor medica9on therapy.
Renal injury is signaled by decreased urine output and increased blood urea
nitrogen (BUN) and crea9nine levels. Normal reference levels are BUN, 10-20
mg/dl (3.6-7.1 mmol/L), and crea9nine, male, 0.6-1.2 mg/dl (53-106 mcmol/L)
and female 0.5-1.1 mg/dl (44-97 mcmol/L). The client may need medica9ons to
,increase renal perfusion and possibly could need peritoneal dialysis or
hemodialysis. No data in the ques9on indicate the presence of hypovolemia,
glomerulonephri9s, or urinary tract infec9on.
The nurse is reviewing an electrocardiogram rhythm strip. The P waves and
QRS complexes are regular. The PR interval is 0.16 seconds, and QRS complexes
measure 0.06 seconds. The overall heart rate is 64 beats/minute. Which ac9on
should the nurse take?
1.
Check vital signs.
2.
Check laboratory test results.
3.
No9fy the health care provider.
4.
Con9nue to monitor for any rhythm change.
Con9nue to monitor for any rhythm change.
Normal sinus rhythm is defined as a regular rhythm, with an overall rate of 60
to 100 beats/minute. The PR and QRS measurements are normal, measuring
between 0.12 and 0.20 seconds and 0.04 and 0.10 seconds, respec9vely. There
are no irregulari9es in this rhythm currently, so there is no immediate need to
check vital signs or laboratory results, or to no9fy the health care provider.
Therefore, the nurse would con9nue to monitor the client for any rhythm
change.
, A client is wearing a con9nuous cardiac monitor, which begins to sound its
alarm. The nurse sees no electrocardiographic complexes on the screen. Which
is the priority nursing ac9on?
1.
Call a code.
2.
Call the health care provider.
3.
Check the client's status and lead placement.
4.
Press the recorder bu,on on the electrocardiogram console.
Check the client's status and lead placement.
Sudden loss of electrocardiographic complexes indicates ventricular asystole or
possibly electrode displacement. Accurate assessment of the client and
equipment is necessary to determine the cause and iden9fy the appropriate
interven9on. The remaining op9ons are secondary to client assessment.
The nurse is evalua9ng a client's response to cardioversion. Which assessment
would be the priority?
1.
Blood pressure
2.
Status of airway
3.
CARDIOVASCULAR EXAM
LATEST UPATE 2024/2025
(VERIFIED QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS)
A client admi,ed to the hospital with chest pain and a history of type 2
diabetes mellitus is scheduled for cardiac catheteriza9on. Which medica9on
would need to be withheld for 24 hours before the procedure and for 48 hours
a>er the procedure?
1.
Glipizide
2.
MeCormin
3.
Repaglinide
4.
Regular insulin
MeCormin
MeCormin needs to be withheld 24 hours before and for 48 hours a>er cardiac
catheteriza9on because of the injec9on of contrast medium during the
procedure. If the contrast medium affects kidney func9on, with meCormin in
,the system the client would be at increased risk for lac9c acidosis. The
medica9ons in the remaining op9ons do not need to be withheld 24 hours
before and 48 hours a>er cardiac catheteriza9on.
A client who had cardiac surgery 24 hours ago has had a urine output averaging
20 ml/hour for 2 hours. The client received a single bolus of 500 ml of
intravenous fluid. Urine output for the subsequent hour was 25 ml. Daily
laboratory results indicate that the blood urea nitrogen level is 45 mg/dl (16
mmol/L) and the serum crea9nine level is 2.2 mg/dl (194 mcmol/L). On the
basis of these findings, the nurse would an9cipate that the client is at risk for
which problem?
1.
Hypovolemia
2.
Acute kidney injury
3.
Glomerulonephri9s
4.
Urinary tract infec9on
Acute kidney injury
The client who undergoes cardiac surgery is at risk for renal injury from poor
perfusion, hemolysis, low cardiac output, or vasopressor medica9on therapy.
Renal injury is signaled by decreased urine output and increased blood urea
nitrogen (BUN) and crea9nine levels. Normal reference levels are BUN, 10-20
mg/dl (3.6-7.1 mmol/L), and crea9nine, male, 0.6-1.2 mg/dl (53-106 mcmol/L)
and female 0.5-1.1 mg/dl (44-97 mcmol/L). The client may need medica9ons to
,increase renal perfusion and possibly could need peritoneal dialysis or
hemodialysis. No data in the ques9on indicate the presence of hypovolemia,
glomerulonephri9s, or urinary tract infec9on.
The nurse is reviewing an electrocardiogram rhythm strip. The P waves and
QRS complexes are regular. The PR interval is 0.16 seconds, and QRS complexes
measure 0.06 seconds. The overall heart rate is 64 beats/minute. Which ac9on
should the nurse take?
1.
Check vital signs.
2.
Check laboratory test results.
3.
No9fy the health care provider.
4.
Con9nue to monitor for any rhythm change.
Con9nue to monitor for any rhythm change.
Normal sinus rhythm is defined as a regular rhythm, with an overall rate of 60
to 100 beats/minute. The PR and QRS measurements are normal, measuring
between 0.12 and 0.20 seconds and 0.04 and 0.10 seconds, respec9vely. There
are no irregulari9es in this rhythm currently, so there is no immediate need to
check vital signs or laboratory results, or to no9fy the health care provider.
Therefore, the nurse would con9nue to monitor the client for any rhythm
change.
, A client is wearing a con9nuous cardiac monitor, which begins to sound its
alarm. The nurse sees no electrocardiographic complexes on the screen. Which
is the priority nursing ac9on?
1.
Call a code.
2.
Call the health care provider.
3.
Check the client's status and lead placement.
4.
Press the recorder bu,on on the electrocardiogram console.
Check the client's status and lead placement.
Sudden loss of electrocardiographic complexes indicates ventricular asystole or
possibly electrode displacement. Accurate assessment of the client and
equipment is necessary to determine the cause and iden9fy the appropriate
interven9on. The remaining op9ons are secondary to client assessment.
The nurse is evalua9ng a client's response to cardioversion. Which assessment
would be the priority?
1.
Blood pressure
2.
Status of airway
3.
