©EMILLECT 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
CSU PSY 252 Exam #2 Study Guide
Solutions
Sensation - ANSWER✔✔-Gathering of information through senses (auditory + visual)
Perception - ANSWER✔✔-Interpreting information gathered (recognition + organizing)
Optical Illusion - ANSWER✔✔-Seeing something that does not exist or that is other than it appears
-created by use of visual cues that we use everyday
Monocular Depth Cues - ANSWER✔✔-Represented in 2D and observed with one eye
1. Texture Gradient (closer, larger grains, farther apart, away - smaller grains, closer together)
2. Relative Size (closer - bigger, away - smaller)
3. Interposition (closer object partially obscured by other object)
4. Linear perspective - parallel lines seem to converge as they approach the horizon (ex: train tracks)
5. Aerial Perspective - (the closer the object the crisper images seem, more clearly delineated)
6. Motion Parallax - objects approaching get larger and closer objects move more quickly
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, ©EMILLECT 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
Binocular Depth Cues - ANSWER✔✔-Using 2 eyes, 3D
1. Binocular convergence
- Closer the object, the more eyes must turn inward
- muscles send messages to the brain regarding degree eyes are turning inward
- These messages are interpreted as cues indicating depth
2. Binocular Disparity
- Closer an object, the greater the disparity between the views of it as sensed by each eye
- apparent jumping of images between the two eyes, which indicated amount of binocular disparity
decreases with distance
Gestalt Psychology (principles related) - ANSWER✔✔-Goals: address directly the more global, holistic
processes involved in perceiving structure in the environment (describe phenomenon, but doesn't
explain it)
- Figure-ground: Figure=prominent object, ground=background
- Proximity: perceive objects that are close to each other as forming a group
- Similarity - perceive objects that are similar to each other as forming a group
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, ©EMILLECT 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
- Continuity - perceive smoothly flowing or continuous forms rather than disrupted of discontinuous
ones
- Closure - close up, or complete, objects that are not complete
- Symmetry - perceive objects as being symmetrical and forming around a center point
Attention - ANSWER✔✔-Requires:
- Selection: Choosing stimuli from the group of input, to avoid information overload because we have
limited capacity
- Concentration: Allows us to apply specific mental resources
- Control
Theories of Attention - ANSWER✔✔-- Spotlight Model: Attention moves from one specific point to the
next
- Zoom lens model: Attention scans and zooms in and out on cued locations
Visual Search - ANSWER✔✔-Search for a target in a display containing distracting elements
- provide a closer approximation of some of the actions of attentions
Reaction Time - ANSWER✔✔-Time from the onset of stimulus to a response
Page 3/28
FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
CSU PSY 252 Exam #2 Study Guide
Solutions
Sensation - ANSWER✔✔-Gathering of information through senses (auditory + visual)
Perception - ANSWER✔✔-Interpreting information gathered (recognition + organizing)
Optical Illusion - ANSWER✔✔-Seeing something that does not exist or that is other than it appears
-created by use of visual cues that we use everyday
Monocular Depth Cues - ANSWER✔✔-Represented in 2D and observed with one eye
1. Texture Gradient (closer, larger grains, farther apart, away - smaller grains, closer together)
2. Relative Size (closer - bigger, away - smaller)
3. Interposition (closer object partially obscured by other object)
4. Linear perspective - parallel lines seem to converge as they approach the horizon (ex: train tracks)
5. Aerial Perspective - (the closer the object the crisper images seem, more clearly delineated)
6. Motion Parallax - objects approaching get larger and closer objects move more quickly
Page 1/28
, ©EMILLECT 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
Binocular Depth Cues - ANSWER✔✔-Using 2 eyes, 3D
1. Binocular convergence
- Closer the object, the more eyes must turn inward
- muscles send messages to the brain regarding degree eyes are turning inward
- These messages are interpreted as cues indicating depth
2. Binocular Disparity
- Closer an object, the greater the disparity between the views of it as sensed by each eye
- apparent jumping of images between the two eyes, which indicated amount of binocular disparity
decreases with distance
Gestalt Psychology (principles related) - ANSWER✔✔-Goals: address directly the more global, holistic
processes involved in perceiving structure in the environment (describe phenomenon, but doesn't
explain it)
- Figure-ground: Figure=prominent object, ground=background
- Proximity: perceive objects that are close to each other as forming a group
- Similarity - perceive objects that are similar to each other as forming a group
Page 2/28
, ©EMILLECT 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
- Continuity - perceive smoothly flowing or continuous forms rather than disrupted of discontinuous
ones
- Closure - close up, or complete, objects that are not complete
- Symmetry - perceive objects as being symmetrical and forming around a center point
Attention - ANSWER✔✔-Requires:
- Selection: Choosing stimuli from the group of input, to avoid information overload because we have
limited capacity
- Concentration: Allows us to apply specific mental resources
- Control
Theories of Attention - ANSWER✔✔-- Spotlight Model: Attention moves from one specific point to the
next
- Zoom lens model: Attention scans and zooms in and out on cued locations
Visual Search - ANSWER✔✔-Search for a target in a display containing distracting elements
- provide a closer approximation of some of the actions of attentions
Reaction Time - ANSWER✔✔-Time from the onset of stimulus to a response
Page 3/28
