Medical Interventions EOC Exam Questions And
Answers Latest Update 100% Pass
What does Cas9 do in the CRISPR system? -Answer binds to dna and cuts it
Which diseases could be candidates for treatment for the CRISPR-Cas9 system?
-Answer cancer, blood disorders, blindness, aids, cystic fibrosis
How can the CRISPR-Cas9 be engineered to target a gene of interest? -Answer rna that
attaches to the dna sequence in the genome
pros gene therapy -Answer - can become a once only treatment and avoid lifelong
can control chronic disease
prevent predisposed diseases
long lasting effects
positive effects passed down through generations
cons gene therapy - Answer - may be used for non-therapeutic applications
may not know exact effects for years
abused by athletes for enhancement
can be deadly
cancer, allergic reactions, organ damge
uses can have both good and bad outcomes that are difficult to discern from each other
ethical concerns
vectors may deliver dna to cells other than target
"make" babies specifically how parents want it
,in vitro fertilization - Answer gametes are fertilized in a dish in a laboratory and resulting
zygote is implanted into uterus
preimplantation genetic testing-Answer procedure to identify genetic differences in
embryos before implantation
-pgt A: certain chromosomal abnormalities
-pgt M: when patient has increased risk for condition
-pgt SR: structural rearrangements of chromosomes
advantage of preimplantation genetic testing - Answer embryo selection
prevention of abnormalities
better chance of successful pregnancy
steps for preimplantation genetic testing - Answer 1. undergo IVF
2. eggs are monitored to become blastocysts
3. cells are biopsied
4. embyro is frozen
5. thawed after PGT
6. transferred to uterus if healthy
Medical Intervention - Answer Any measure whose purpose is to improve health or alter
the course of disease
- medication, emergency treatment, orthopedics, transplants
DNA Sequencing - Answer 1. Isolate the DNA from the sample
- PCR is done w/ the thermocycler, dna polymerase, primers, free nucleotides
2. DNA Sequencing begins
- dna strand is denatured to create two strands
,- another pcr but w/ a twist: thermocycler, primers, dna polymerase, free nucleotides,
fluorescent nucleotides
- primers attach, dnap attaches complimentary bases until it reaches a fluroscently
tagged nucleotide
- continues until all nucleotides are gone
3. vertical gel electrophoresis
- sequence separates strands by size and a laser will make the fluorescently tagged
ones glow
- optic creates graph of peaks which tells the dna sequence
4. database to identify identity of sequence using a BLAST
ELISA - Answer color changing test that relies on an enzyme
-it looks for the presence of an antigen or antibody
qualitative: positive or negative for presence, either a color change or none
Quantitative: How much? Serial dilution- concentration
Steps for ELISA - Solution 1. Addition of samples to wells. Proteins- antigens will bind to
the side of wall
2. Washing out unbound proteins
3. Addition of primary antibodies and it will bind to antigen if present
4. Washing out the unbound antibodies
5. Addition of secondary antibody having enzyme tag for color change. Will bind to
primary antibody
6. Washing out the unbound antibodies
7. substrate that binds to enzyme and causes a color change
antigen and antibodies - Answer 1. pathogens have an antigen on the surface
2. triggers the body for an immune response
3. an antibody is produced by the b cell
, 4. bind and destroy antigen and pathogen
Diagnostic Imaging Answer technologies doctors use to look inside your body for clues
about a medical condition; includes X-rays, CT scans, nuclear medicine scans, MRI
scans and ultrasound.
X-Ray Answer noninvasive test used to produce images of inside
- electromagnetic radiation
- radiation increases risk of cancer
- sends photons through body and resulting image is produced
- quick, painless, noninvasive
CT Scan Answer produced inside body images
series of x-rays taken at di erent angles
cross-sectional images of bones and hard tissue
radiation increasing risk
accurate, painless
MRI -Answer magnetic resonance imaging
images of soft tissue
powerful magnets and radiowaves
scans by turning on and o small magnets, the machine receives returning radiowaves
and computer creates image
no risk to safety, no radiation
clastrophobia
bone scan - Answer nuclear imaging test
examine abnormalities in skeleton
Answers Latest Update 100% Pass
What does Cas9 do in the CRISPR system? -Answer binds to dna and cuts it
Which diseases could be candidates for treatment for the CRISPR-Cas9 system?
-Answer cancer, blood disorders, blindness, aids, cystic fibrosis
How can the CRISPR-Cas9 be engineered to target a gene of interest? -Answer rna that
attaches to the dna sequence in the genome
pros gene therapy -Answer - can become a once only treatment and avoid lifelong
can control chronic disease
prevent predisposed diseases
long lasting effects
positive effects passed down through generations
cons gene therapy - Answer - may be used for non-therapeutic applications
may not know exact effects for years
abused by athletes for enhancement
can be deadly
cancer, allergic reactions, organ damge
uses can have both good and bad outcomes that are difficult to discern from each other
ethical concerns
vectors may deliver dna to cells other than target
"make" babies specifically how parents want it
,in vitro fertilization - Answer gametes are fertilized in a dish in a laboratory and resulting
zygote is implanted into uterus
preimplantation genetic testing-Answer procedure to identify genetic differences in
embryos before implantation
-pgt A: certain chromosomal abnormalities
-pgt M: when patient has increased risk for condition
-pgt SR: structural rearrangements of chromosomes
advantage of preimplantation genetic testing - Answer embryo selection
prevention of abnormalities
better chance of successful pregnancy
steps for preimplantation genetic testing - Answer 1. undergo IVF
2. eggs are monitored to become blastocysts
3. cells are biopsied
4. embyro is frozen
5. thawed after PGT
6. transferred to uterus if healthy
Medical Intervention - Answer Any measure whose purpose is to improve health or alter
the course of disease
- medication, emergency treatment, orthopedics, transplants
DNA Sequencing - Answer 1. Isolate the DNA from the sample
- PCR is done w/ the thermocycler, dna polymerase, primers, free nucleotides
2. DNA Sequencing begins
- dna strand is denatured to create two strands
,- another pcr but w/ a twist: thermocycler, primers, dna polymerase, free nucleotides,
fluorescent nucleotides
- primers attach, dnap attaches complimentary bases until it reaches a fluroscently
tagged nucleotide
- continues until all nucleotides are gone
3. vertical gel electrophoresis
- sequence separates strands by size and a laser will make the fluorescently tagged
ones glow
- optic creates graph of peaks which tells the dna sequence
4. database to identify identity of sequence using a BLAST
ELISA - Answer color changing test that relies on an enzyme
-it looks for the presence of an antigen or antibody
qualitative: positive or negative for presence, either a color change or none
Quantitative: How much? Serial dilution- concentration
Steps for ELISA - Solution 1. Addition of samples to wells. Proteins- antigens will bind to
the side of wall
2. Washing out unbound proteins
3. Addition of primary antibodies and it will bind to antigen if present
4. Washing out the unbound antibodies
5. Addition of secondary antibody having enzyme tag for color change. Will bind to
primary antibody
6. Washing out the unbound antibodies
7. substrate that binds to enzyme and causes a color change
antigen and antibodies - Answer 1. pathogens have an antigen on the surface
2. triggers the body for an immune response
3. an antibody is produced by the b cell
, 4. bind and destroy antigen and pathogen
Diagnostic Imaging Answer technologies doctors use to look inside your body for clues
about a medical condition; includes X-rays, CT scans, nuclear medicine scans, MRI
scans and ultrasound.
X-Ray Answer noninvasive test used to produce images of inside
- electromagnetic radiation
- radiation increases risk of cancer
- sends photons through body and resulting image is produced
- quick, painless, noninvasive
CT Scan Answer produced inside body images
series of x-rays taken at di erent angles
cross-sectional images of bones and hard tissue
radiation increasing risk
accurate, painless
MRI -Answer magnetic resonance imaging
images of soft tissue
powerful magnets and radiowaves
scans by turning on and o small magnets, the machine receives returning radiowaves
and computer creates image
no risk to safety, no radiation
clastrophobia
bone scan - Answer nuclear imaging test
examine abnormalities in skeleton
