©NINJANERD 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.
AACN PCCN Review: Renal Exam
Questions and Answers 100% Solved
Functions of the kidneys - ✔✔a. Excretion of Metabolic Wastes
b. Urine Formation
c. Acid-Base Balance Regulation
d. Electrolyte Regulation
e. Fluid Regulation
f. Blood Pressure Regulation
g. Erythropoietin Secretion/Anemia Regulation
How are the kidneys related to anemia - ✔✔Erythropoietin
Secretion/Anemia Regulation
Low 02 --> kidneys stimulate hormone production of Erythropoietin
Erythropoietin go to bone marrow --> stimulate Stem Cells to turn into red
blood cells --> increase 02 carrying capacity
,©NINJANERD 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.
This is why COPD patients have higher H&H
WHY renal failure patients are anemic
Epoetin, Procrit,--> synthetic forms of the hormone to help stimulate bone
marrow to become stem cells and produce Red blood cells
Blood work to assess renal function - ✔✔Blood Urea Nitrogen
Creatinine
Serum Electrolytes
Hgb & Hct
Serum Albumin
Serum Osmolality
Renal function tests - ✔✔b. Urine Assessment
Volume & Concentration
Urinalysis
Renal Clearance Studies
c. Diagnostic Tests
KUB X-ray
Renal Arteriography
, ©NINJANERD 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.
IVP
CT
Ultrasound
Biopsy
Acute versus Chronic Renal Failure - ✔✔a. Acute renal failure affects many
body systems.
b. Chronic renal failure affects EVERY body system
New names: Acute Kidney Disease and Chronic Kidney Disease (replacing
failure for disease)
Chronic Kidney Disease - ✔✔Chronic Renal Failure (CRF) is a permanent,
irreversible condition in which the kidneys cease
to remove metabolic wastes and excessive water from the blood. (ESRF,
ESRD, CRD, CKD)
Azotemia - ✔✔Nitrogenous Waste Products in the Bloodstream
Uremic Syndrome - ✔✔Systemic and Laboratory Manifestations of ESRD
Stages of Renal Failure - ✔✔1. Diminished Renal Reserve
2. Renal Insufficiency
3. End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) - Affects every system in the body
AACN PCCN Review: Renal Exam
Questions and Answers 100% Solved
Functions of the kidneys - ✔✔a. Excretion of Metabolic Wastes
b. Urine Formation
c. Acid-Base Balance Regulation
d. Electrolyte Regulation
e. Fluid Regulation
f. Blood Pressure Regulation
g. Erythropoietin Secretion/Anemia Regulation
How are the kidneys related to anemia - ✔✔Erythropoietin
Secretion/Anemia Regulation
Low 02 --> kidneys stimulate hormone production of Erythropoietin
Erythropoietin go to bone marrow --> stimulate Stem Cells to turn into red
blood cells --> increase 02 carrying capacity
,©NINJANERD 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.
This is why COPD patients have higher H&H
WHY renal failure patients are anemic
Epoetin, Procrit,--> synthetic forms of the hormone to help stimulate bone
marrow to become stem cells and produce Red blood cells
Blood work to assess renal function - ✔✔Blood Urea Nitrogen
Creatinine
Serum Electrolytes
Hgb & Hct
Serum Albumin
Serum Osmolality
Renal function tests - ✔✔b. Urine Assessment
Volume & Concentration
Urinalysis
Renal Clearance Studies
c. Diagnostic Tests
KUB X-ray
Renal Arteriography
, ©NINJANERD 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.
IVP
CT
Ultrasound
Biopsy
Acute versus Chronic Renal Failure - ✔✔a. Acute renal failure affects many
body systems.
b. Chronic renal failure affects EVERY body system
New names: Acute Kidney Disease and Chronic Kidney Disease (replacing
failure for disease)
Chronic Kidney Disease - ✔✔Chronic Renal Failure (CRF) is a permanent,
irreversible condition in which the kidneys cease
to remove metabolic wastes and excessive water from the blood. (ESRF,
ESRD, CRD, CKD)
Azotemia - ✔✔Nitrogenous Waste Products in the Bloodstream
Uremic Syndrome - ✔✔Systemic and Laboratory Manifestations of ESRD
Stages of Renal Failure - ✔✔1. Diminished Renal Reserve
2. Renal Insufficiency
3. End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) - Affects every system in the body
