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Urinalysis and Body Fluids Review
Questions and Answers (100% Pass)
All of the following are considered normal functions of the kidney
✓ regulating body hydration, elimination of nitrogenous wastes,
regulating electrolyte balance
The approximate number of nephrons contained in each kidney is:
✓ 1,000,000
The order of blood flow through the nephron is:
✓ afferent arteriole, efferent arteriole, peritubular capillaries, vasa recta
The total renal blood flow is approximately:
✓ 1200 mL/min
The total renal plasma flow is approximately
✓ 600 mL/min
The glomerular filtrate is described as a:
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✓ protein-free ultrafiltrate of plasma
Increased production of aldosterone causes:
✓ increased plasma sodium levels
The primary chemical affected by the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
is:
✓ sodium
The specific gravity of the glomerular ultrafiltrate is:
✓ 1.01
All of the following are reabsorbed from the glomerular filtrate by active
transport
✓ glucose, sodium and amino acids
For active transport to occur, a chemical:
✓ must combine with a carrier protein to create electrochemical energy
Water is passively reabsorbed in all parts of the nephron except the:
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✓ ascending loop of Henle
Most of the sodium filtered by the glomerulus is reabsorbed in the:
✓ proximal convoluted tubule
The enzyme renin is produced by the kidney:
✓ in response to low plasma sodium levels
Concentration of the tubular filtrate by the countercurrent mechanism is
dependent on all of the following
✓ high salt concentration in the medulla, water-impermeable walls of the
ascending loop of Henle, reabsorption of sodium and chloride from the
ascending loop of Henle
The osmotic gradient of the medulla:
✓ affects sodium reabsorption in the proximal convoluted tubule
Aldosterone regulates sodium reabsorption in the:
✓ distal convoluted tubule
Decreased production of vasopressin:
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✓ produces a high urine volume
Production of antidiuretic hormone is controlled by the:
✓ state of body hydration
Substances removed from the blood by tubular secretion include primarily:
✓ protein-bound substances, hydrogen, and potassium
Kidneys with impaired production of ammonia will consistently produce urine
with a:
✓ high pH
To enhance the excretion of hydrogen ions, ammonia is produced by the
cells of the:
✓ distal convoluted tubule
To maintain the buffering capacity of the blood, hydrogen ions combine with:
✓ filtered bicarbonate ions
Clearance tests used to determine the glomerular filtration rate must measure
substances that are:
Master01 | October, 2024/2025 | Latest update
Urinalysis and Body Fluids Review
Questions and Answers (100% Pass)
All of the following are considered normal functions of the kidney
✓ regulating body hydration, elimination of nitrogenous wastes,
regulating electrolyte balance
The approximate number of nephrons contained in each kidney is:
✓ 1,000,000
The order of blood flow through the nephron is:
✓ afferent arteriole, efferent arteriole, peritubular capillaries, vasa recta
The total renal blood flow is approximately:
✓ 1200 mL/min
The total renal plasma flow is approximately
✓ 600 mL/min
The glomerular filtrate is described as a:
Master01 | October, 2024/2025 | Latest update
, 1|Page | © copyright 2024/2025 | Grade A+
✓ protein-free ultrafiltrate of plasma
Increased production of aldosterone causes:
✓ increased plasma sodium levels
The primary chemical affected by the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
is:
✓ sodium
The specific gravity of the glomerular ultrafiltrate is:
✓ 1.01
All of the following are reabsorbed from the glomerular filtrate by active
transport
✓ glucose, sodium and amino acids
For active transport to occur, a chemical:
✓ must combine with a carrier protein to create electrochemical energy
Water is passively reabsorbed in all parts of the nephron except the:
Master01 | October, 2024/2025 | Latest update
, 1|Page | © copyright 2024/2025 | Grade A+
✓ ascending loop of Henle
Most of the sodium filtered by the glomerulus is reabsorbed in the:
✓ proximal convoluted tubule
The enzyme renin is produced by the kidney:
✓ in response to low plasma sodium levels
Concentration of the tubular filtrate by the countercurrent mechanism is
dependent on all of the following
✓ high salt concentration in the medulla, water-impermeable walls of the
ascending loop of Henle, reabsorption of sodium and chloride from the
ascending loop of Henle
The osmotic gradient of the medulla:
✓ affects sodium reabsorption in the proximal convoluted tubule
Aldosterone regulates sodium reabsorption in the:
✓ distal convoluted tubule
Decreased production of vasopressin:
Master01 | October, 2024/2025 | Latest update
, 1|Page | © copyright 2024/2025 | Grade A+
✓ produces a high urine volume
Production of antidiuretic hormone is controlled by the:
✓ state of body hydration
Substances removed from the blood by tubular secretion include primarily:
✓ protein-bound substances, hydrogen, and potassium
Kidneys with impaired production of ammonia will consistently produce urine
with a:
✓ high pH
To enhance the excretion of hydrogen ions, ammonia is produced by the
cells of the:
✓ distal convoluted tubule
To maintain the buffering capacity of the blood, hydrogen ions combine with:
✓ filtered bicarbonate ions
Clearance tests used to determine the glomerular filtration rate must measure
substances that are:
Master01 | October, 2024/2025 | Latest update
