Bio 121 Exam 1 UPDATED ACTUAL
Questions and CORRECT Answers
True or False. All the pathogenic forms come from one definite lineage in the domain
Bacteria. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- False
The molecules that kill bacteria or stop them from growing are _____. - CORRECT
ANSWER✔✔- antibiotics
What are organisms called that use organic compounds as electron donors in cellular
respiration?
heterotrophs
phototrophs
lithotrophs
organotrophs - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- organotrophs
What has metagenomic analysis allowed researchers to do for the first time?
isolate organisms from an environment and sequence their entire genome
study organisms that cannot be cultured (grown in the lab)
identify important morphological differences among species
sample organisms from an environment and grow them under defined conditions in the lab -
CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- study organisms that cannot be cultured (grown in the lab)
Prokaryotes are classified as belonging to two different domains. What are the domains?
Bacteria and Protista
Bacteria and Archaea
Archaea and Monera
Eukarya and Monera
Bacteria and Eukarya - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Bacteria and Archaea
,A water sample from a hot thermal vent contained a single-celled organism that had a cell
wall but lacked a nucleus. What is its most likely classification?
Animalia
Archaea
Eukarya
Fungi
Protista - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Archaea
What organisms are most numerous on Earth?
insects
eukaryotes
archaea
prokaryotes
plants - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- prokaryotes
To establish a link between a specific bacterium and a skin disease, researchers have shown
that bacterium was present in sick persons but not in healthy individuals. They isolated the
bacterium in a pure culture and demonstrated that experimental healthy animals injected with
this culture became sick. What other experiment do researchers need to perform to be
absolutely sure that the bacterium is responsible for the disease?
Demonstrate that the bacterium is not able to live outside of humans or animals.
Isolate bacterium from an infected sick animal and demonstrate that it is the same bacterium
as the one used for infection.
Demonstrate that the bacterium belongs to the pathogenic lineage. - CORRECT
ANSWER✔✔- Isolate bacterium from an infected sick animal and demonstrate that it is the
same bacterium as the one used for infection.
Chemicals, secreted by soil fungi, which inhibit the growth of bacteria, are known as _____.
antigens
hallucinogens
aflatoxins
,antibiotics
antibodies - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- antibiotics
What is the goal of bioremediation?
to improve soil quality for plant growth by using bacteria
to improve bacteria for production of useful chemicals
to kill pathogenic bacteria with the use of antibiotics
to improve human health with the help of living organisms such as bacteria
to clean up areas polluted with toxic compounds by using bacteria - CORRECT
ANSWER✔✔- to clean up areas polluted with toxic compounds by using bacteria
Which group was not described in Woese's tree of life analysis?
Prokarya
Bacteria
Archaea
Eukarya - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Prokarya
Prokarya was not one of the groups described in Woese's tree of life analysis.
What characteristics were used to classify organisms before Woese's tree of life analysis?
Number of cells in the organism
Differences in ribosomal RNA sequences
Composition of the cell wall
Presence of a membrane-bound nucleus - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Presence of a
membrane-bound nucleus
Before the tree of life analysis, organisms were classified as prokaryotes if they lacked a
membrane-bound nucleus or eukaryotes if they possessed a membrane-bound nucleus.
Organisms were not classified based on the composition of their cell walls.
, True or false? Data showing that the Bacteria were the first lineage to diverge from the
common ancestor of all living organisms suggest that the Archaea and Eukarya are more
closely related to each other than they are to the Bacteria. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- True
Which of the following statements about phylogenetic trees is true?
A paraphyletic group consists of a common ancestor and some of its descendants.
A paraphyletic group consists of an ancestral population and all of its descendants.
A monophyletic group consists of a common ancestor and some of its descendants.
A paraphyletic group has not experienced lateral gene transfer. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-
A paraphyletic group consists of a common ancestor and some of its descendants.
Which molecule did Carl Woese study to produce his tree of life?
Ribosome
DNA
Messenger RNA
Ribosomal RNA - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Ribosomal RNA
What is lateral gene transfer?
Inheritance of a gene through meiosis
Inheritance of a gene through mitosis
Physical transfer of a gene from a species in one lineage to a species in another lineage.
Inheritance of a gene from a parent - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Physical transfer of a gene
from a species in one lineage to a species in another lineage.
What method would you use to best identify the diversity of bacterial and archaeal species in
the soil present on your campus?
Microscope
Enrichment
Metagenomics
Culture bacteria from a sample. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Metagenomics
Questions and CORRECT Answers
True or False. All the pathogenic forms come from one definite lineage in the domain
Bacteria. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- False
The molecules that kill bacteria or stop them from growing are _____. - CORRECT
ANSWER✔✔- antibiotics
What are organisms called that use organic compounds as electron donors in cellular
respiration?
heterotrophs
phototrophs
lithotrophs
organotrophs - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- organotrophs
What has metagenomic analysis allowed researchers to do for the first time?
isolate organisms from an environment and sequence their entire genome
study organisms that cannot be cultured (grown in the lab)
identify important morphological differences among species
sample organisms from an environment and grow them under defined conditions in the lab -
CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- study organisms that cannot be cultured (grown in the lab)
Prokaryotes are classified as belonging to two different domains. What are the domains?
Bacteria and Protista
Bacteria and Archaea
Archaea and Monera
Eukarya and Monera
Bacteria and Eukarya - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Bacteria and Archaea
,A water sample from a hot thermal vent contained a single-celled organism that had a cell
wall but lacked a nucleus. What is its most likely classification?
Animalia
Archaea
Eukarya
Fungi
Protista - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Archaea
What organisms are most numerous on Earth?
insects
eukaryotes
archaea
prokaryotes
plants - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- prokaryotes
To establish a link between a specific bacterium and a skin disease, researchers have shown
that bacterium was present in sick persons but not in healthy individuals. They isolated the
bacterium in a pure culture and demonstrated that experimental healthy animals injected with
this culture became sick. What other experiment do researchers need to perform to be
absolutely sure that the bacterium is responsible for the disease?
Demonstrate that the bacterium is not able to live outside of humans or animals.
Isolate bacterium from an infected sick animal and demonstrate that it is the same bacterium
as the one used for infection.
Demonstrate that the bacterium belongs to the pathogenic lineage. - CORRECT
ANSWER✔✔- Isolate bacterium from an infected sick animal and demonstrate that it is the
same bacterium as the one used for infection.
Chemicals, secreted by soil fungi, which inhibit the growth of bacteria, are known as _____.
antigens
hallucinogens
aflatoxins
,antibiotics
antibodies - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- antibiotics
What is the goal of bioremediation?
to improve soil quality for plant growth by using bacteria
to improve bacteria for production of useful chemicals
to kill pathogenic bacteria with the use of antibiotics
to improve human health with the help of living organisms such as bacteria
to clean up areas polluted with toxic compounds by using bacteria - CORRECT
ANSWER✔✔- to clean up areas polluted with toxic compounds by using bacteria
Which group was not described in Woese's tree of life analysis?
Prokarya
Bacteria
Archaea
Eukarya - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Prokarya
Prokarya was not one of the groups described in Woese's tree of life analysis.
What characteristics were used to classify organisms before Woese's tree of life analysis?
Number of cells in the organism
Differences in ribosomal RNA sequences
Composition of the cell wall
Presence of a membrane-bound nucleus - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Presence of a
membrane-bound nucleus
Before the tree of life analysis, organisms were classified as prokaryotes if they lacked a
membrane-bound nucleus or eukaryotes if they possessed a membrane-bound nucleus.
Organisms were not classified based on the composition of their cell walls.
, True or false? Data showing that the Bacteria were the first lineage to diverge from the
common ancestor of all living organisms suggest that the Archaea and Eukarya are more
closely related to each other than they are to the Bacteria. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- True
Which of the following statements about phylogenetic trees is true?
A paraphyletic group consists of a common ancestor and some of its descendants.
A paraphyletic group consists of an ancestral population and all of its descendants.
A monophyletic group consists of a common ancestor and some of its descendants.
A paraphyletic group has not experienced lateral gene transfer. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-
A paraphyletic group consists of a common ancestor and some of its descendants.
Which molecule did Carl Woese study to produce his tree of life?
Ribosome
DNA
Messenger RNA
Ribosomal RNA - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Ribosomal RNA
What is lateral gene transfer?
Inheritance of a gene through meiosis
Inheritance of a gene through mitosis
Physical transfer of a gene from a species in one lineage to a species in another lineage.
Inheritance of a gene from a parent - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Physical transfer of a gene
from a species in one lineage to a species in another lineage.
What method would you use to best identify the diversity of bacterial and archaeal species in
the soil present on your campus?
Microscope
Enrichment
Metagenomics
Culture bacteria from a sample. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Metagenomics
