NR 304 Exam 2 Complete Questions And Answers 100% Correct Verified Answers.

Active Range of Motion - correct answer full muscular range of motion with gravity, against resistance Passive Range of Motion - correct answer full muscular range of motion without gravity Ataxia - correct answer loss of full control of body movements Crepitus - correct answer grating sound/sensation produced by friction between bone and cartilage Flaccid - correct answer part of body hanging limply Flexion - correct answer bending of joint (elbow, knee, neck) Extension - correct answer extending of joint (neck, elbow, knee) Abduction - correct answer Movement of limb away from midline Adduction - correct answer Movement of limb toward midline Supination - correct answer facing upwards (palms up or face up in lying position) Pronation - correct answer facing downwards (palms down or face down in lying position) Rotation - correct answer turning of joint (neck, hips) Retraction - correct answer nonangular posterior movement (jaw) Protraction - correct answer nonangular anterior movement (jaw) Inversion - correct answer sole turns medially (foot only) Eversion - correct answer sole turns laterally (foot only) Dorsiflexion - correct answer toes up Plantarflexion - correct answer toes pointed down What are the four elements of the musculoskeletal exam? - correct answer 1. Inspection 2. Palpation 3. RoM 4. Strength Musculoskeletal System function - correct answer the system of bones and skeletal muscles that support and protect the body and permit movement What nutrient is essential for muscles? - correct answer Protein What nutrients are essential for bones? - correct answer Calcium and Vitamin D What does a 2+ rating mean in regards to muscle strength? - correct answer full RoM w/o gravity (passive RoM) What does a 3+ rating mean in regards to muscle strength? - correct answer full RoM w/gravity What does a 4+ rating mean in regards to muscle strength? - correct answer full RoM with gravity and moderate resistance What does a 5+ rating mean in regards to muscle strength? - correct answer full RoM with gravity and full resistance What rating is considered normal Muscle Strength? - correct answer 5+ What should the nurse inspect when assessing cervical spine RoM? - correct answer alignment of head and neck What should the nurse palpate when assessing the cervical spine RoM? - correct answer spinous processes and muscles What motions should the nurse ask the patient to demonstrate to assess cervical spine RoM? - correct answer chin to chest (flexion), lift chin (hyperextension), each ear towards shoulder, rotate chin to each ear Signs and Symptoms associated with bony fracture? - correct answer pain, swelling, ecchymosis, deformity, warm, tender to touch Bone Dislocation - correct answer Displacement of the bone from its usual anatomic location in the joint Joint Sprain - correct answer a stretching or tearing of the ligament of a joint due to forced movement beyond the joints normal range Bone Fracture - correct answer partial or complete break in the continuity of the bone from trauma Muscle Strain - correct answer a partial muscle tear resulting from over stretching or over use of the muscle A patient with a rotator cuff tear wouldn't be able to do what? - correct answer perform normal RoM abduction When assessing the shoulder joint, which of the following movements should the nurse assess? (select all that apply) A. abduction B. adduction C. Supination D. Extension E. Circumduction - correct answer A, B, E (abduction, adduction, circumduction) When performing a straight leg raise test, the PT complains of sharp pain in the lower back with radiation down one leg. What could this finding indicate? - correct answer a herniated disc During the musculoskeletal assessment of a female client, the nurse documents that the client has pain in the muscles and soft tissues around the head, neck, shoulders, and hips. What disorder is consistent with these findings? - correct answer Fibromyalgia The nurse is assessing a client with carpal tunnel syndrome. When the nurse percusses lightly over the median nerve, the client feels numbness, tingling, and pain along the median nerve. The nurse documents _______? - correct answer A positive Tinel's sign What is crepitus? - correct answer A grating or grinding sensation caused by fractured bone ends or joints rubbing together; also air bubbles under the skin that produce a crackling sound or crinkly feeling. When performing an assessment on a client, the nurse notes that the client's great toe deviates laterally from the midline, crowding the other toes and causing marked enlargement of the joint. The nurse documents the presence of _____? - correct answer Hallus Valgus What is Carpal Tunnel Syndrome and what is its cause? - correct answer Pain and numbness in thumb- mid ring finger caused by compression of median nerve How would you test for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome? - correct answer Phalens Test and Tinels Sign What is Rheumatoid Arthritis? - correct answer Systemic inflammatory disease mostly occuring in people over the age of 55 What is Osteoarthritis? - correct answer Degenerative joint disease (commonly occurring with age) A 47 year old patient tells the nurse, "I don't want to develop osteoarthritis like both of my parents." What can the nurse instruct the client? - correct answer Eating a well balanced diet and exercise is the best defense During the focused musculoskeletal interview, the nurse learns that a client developed osteomyelitis after hip replacement surgery. What does this information suggest? - correct answer The PT is at risk for future episodes of bone infections A client tells the nurse about upper thigh and hip pain when standing too long. What does that information suggest to the nurse? - correct answer The PT may have some degenerative disease process within the hip (osteoarthritis) Osteoarthritis is generally associated with what type of joint? - correct answer Cartilaginous joints Which type of arthritis presents with hard, non tender nodules? - correct answer Osteoarthritis Which form of arthritis is worse in the mornings and after rest periods? - correct answer Rheumatoid What are some of the most common locations for Osteoarthritis? - correct answer In the hip and knee A postoperative hip replacement patient is prescribed a pillow between the legs. Which position will this pillow serve for the client? - correct answer abduction What are some possible causes of effusion? - correct answer injury, inflammation, infection and tumors How can you test for effusion? - correct answer Ballottment test and bulge sign What is effusion? - correct answer Any kind of fluid in any kind of body space where it is not supposed to be. What is acute gout associated with generally? - correct answer increased uric acid levels Where does acute gout frequently occur? - correct answer Large toe joint What would the nurse expect to find in a patient with gout? - correct answer redness, swelling, warmth, and extreme tenderness Parkinsons Disease gait: - correct answer stooped posture and short, shuffling gait Ataxic gait: - correct answer loss of voluntary coordination, unsteady and increased risk for falls What is a clear sign of a hip fracture? - correct answer external rotation and leg shortening What are some risk factors for osteoporosis? - correct answer female, thin, caucasian, family history, smoking, sedentary lifestyle, endocrine disorders, poor calcium intake What are some teaching opportunities for osteoporosis? - correct answer encourage RoM to maintain strength and mobility, remove loose rugs to reduce fall risk What are some ways the nurse could assess a patients cognitive status? - correct answer name, DOB, explain two objects and their purpose, draw a picture, list three things for the PT to remember and say back later What are some ways to check LoC? - correct answer PERRLA, speech and understanding, able to follow commands What are some ways to assess patients memory? - correct answer State three unrelated objects and have the PT state them back later, what did you have for breakfast, how did you get here What is the purpose of the reflex arc? - correct answer allows quick reaction to potentially harmful situations Why do coma patients have reflexes? - correct answer Because the reflex arc bypasses the brain and doesn't involve LoC What is stereognosis? - correct answer Ability to identify a common item when placed in their hand with eyes closed. This may indicate a lesion in the sensory cortex. What is graphesthesia? - correct answer Recognition of writing on the skin by touch What is the purpose of the Glascow coma scale? - correct answer assess PTs neurological status