Nursing 101 HESI Saunders Fluid and Electrolytes- Nicholls State University

Nursing 101 HESI Saunders Fluid and Electrolytes-
Nicholls State University

, Nursing 101 HESI Saunders Fluid and Electrolytes- Nicholls
State University



Signs and symptoms of fluid-volume deficit

• Increased temperature

• Thready, rapid pulse

• Decreased blood pressure and postural hypotension

• Increased rate and depth of respirations

• Dryness, poor turgor, and tenting of skin

• Thirst

• Decreased urine output with increased specific gravity

• Diminished peripheral pulses

• Flat neck and hand veins

• Altered level of consciousness

• Decreased central venous pressure


Signs and symptoms of fluid-volume excess
• Bounding, rapid pulse
• Increased blood pressure
• Increased respiratory rate (shallow)
• Dyspnea
• Moist crackles
• Pitting edema
• Ascites
• Distended veins
• Altered LOC
• Increased central venous pressure

Causes of sodium imbalance

Hyponatremia

• Inadequate sodium intake

• Vomiting or diarrhea

• Excessive diaphoresis

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