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NWHSU PNS - EXAM 3 Questions
and Answers (100% Pass)
Counteracts Morphine - opioid narcotics.
✓ Narcan / naloxone
Transmitters which cause FAST potentials, and what site do they work at?
✓ -ACh @ Nicotinic Cholinergic sites
✓ -Glutamate @ NMDA & AMPA sites
✓ -GABA @ GABAa sites
NMDA vs AMPA receptors
✓ Both are like Na/K pumps, but NMDA also let's Ca++ in. AMPA may
amplify NMDA.
Is M2 part of direct or indirect (second messenger) system? Slow/fast?
✓ Indirect (G-protein coupled receptor)
✓ -Slow
CN X will have (positive/negative) chronotropic and ionotropic effect.
Master01 | October, 2024/2025 | Latest update
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✓ Negative - lower heart rate and contractility.
A sIPSP will do what to the heart?
✓ lower rate and contractility.
Which nerve and side is primarily responsible for maintaining resting heart
rate?
✓ Right Vagus.
In a g-coupled receptor system, it is common for the end of the chain to
activate a protein kinase A, which causes this type of potential
______________, by doing this to the membrane ________________.
What channel needs to open for this to happen?
✓ sIPSP by phosphorylating (adding phosphates) to the inside of the
membrane.
✓
✓ NO CHANNEL IS NECESSARY IN THIS SPECIFIC EXAMPLE!
What do all slow potentials require?
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Do all of these result in a membrane potential change?
✓ A second messenger is needed.
✓
✓ Not all 2nd messengers result in change in potential.
Epinephrine is this class of molecule:
✓ catecholamine
PK-A stands for
✓ protein kinase a
The response from PK-A is (+ or -)
✓ +++ excitatory
Beta 1 (________) receptors do what? They are mostly in this spot:
✓ (adrenergic)
✓ increase heart rate, mostly on the AV node.
The AV is dominated by _______ effect
The SA node is dominated by _________ effect.
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Choose autonomic response.
✓ The AV is dominated by __sympathetic__ effect
✓
✓ The SA node is dominated by ____parasympathetic_____ effect.
(T/F)
All 2nd messengers result in slow potentials
✓ False. A b-1 receptor causes contraction, for example by acting
INTRAcellularly.
Main examples of 2nd messenger systems causing:
sIPSP
sEPSP
✓ sIPSP - M2
✓ sEPSP - Substance P
Other than potentials, what can 2nd messengers do?
Master01 | October, 2024/2025 | Latest update
NWHSU PNS - EXAM 3 Questions
and Answers (100% Pass)
Counteracts Morphine - opioid narcotics.
✓ Narcan / naloxone
Transmitters which cause FAST potentials, and what site do they work at?
✓ -ACh @ Nicotinic Cholinergic sites
✓ -Glutamate @ NMDA & AMPA sites
✓ -GABA @ GABAa sites
NMDA vs AMPA receptors
✓ Both are like Na/K pumps, but NMDA also let's Ca++ in. AMPA may
amplify NMDA.
Is M2 part of direct or indirect (second messenger) system? Slow/fast?
✓ Indirect (G-protein coupled receptor)
✓ -Slow
CN X will have (positive/negative) chronotropic and ionotropic effect.
Master01 | October, 2024/2025 | Latest update
, 1|Page | © copyright 2024/2025 | Grade A+
✓ Negative - lower heart rate and contractility.
A sIPSP will do what to the heart?
✓ lower rate and contractility.
Which nerve and side is primarily responsible for maintaining resting heart
rate?
✓ Right Vagus.
In a g-coupled receptor system, it is common for the end of the chain to
activate a protein kinase A, which causes this type of potential
______________, by doing this to the membrane ________________.
What channel needs to open for this to happen?
✓ sIPSP by phosphorylating (adding phosphates) to the inside of the
membrane.
✓
✓ NO CHANNEL IS NECESSARY IN THIS SPECIFIC EXAMPLE!
What do all slow potentials require?
Master01 | October, 2024/2025 | Latest update
, 1|Page | © copyright 2024/2025 | Grade A+
Do all of these result in a membrane potential change?
✓ A second messenger is needed.
✓
✓ Not all 2nd messengers result in change in potential.
Epinephrine is this class of molecule:
✓ catecholamine
PK-A stands for
✓ protein kinase a
The response from PK-A is (+ or -)
✓ +++ excitatory
Beta 1 (________) receptors do what? They are mostly in this spot:
✓ (adrenergic)
✓ increase heart rate, mostly on the AV node.
The AV is dominated by _______ effect
The SA node is dominated by _________ effect.
Master01 | October, 2024/2025 | Latest update
, 1|Page | © copyright 2024/2025 | Grade A+
Choose autonomic response.
✓ The AV is dominated by __sympathetic__ effect
✓
✓ The SA node is dominated by ____parasympathetic_____ effect.
(T/F)
All 2nd messengers result in slow potentials
✓ False. A b-1 receptor causes contraction, for example by acting
INTRAcellularly.
Main examples of 2nd messenger systems causing:
sIPSP
sEPSP
✓ sIPSP - M2
✓ sEPSP - Substance P
Other than potentials, what can 2nd messengers do?
Master01 | October, 2024/2025 | Latest update
