Bioinformatics Chapter 4 Review Questions with Complete Answers Already Passed

Bioinformatics Chapter 4 Review Questions with Complete Answers Already Passed Alexander Fleming - Answers doctor/bacteriologist who discovered penicillin penicillium fungus - Answers fungus that is frequently crucial to the function of the natural environment, but is also responsible for the creation of penicillin Penicillin - Answers one of the world's first effective antibiotics 1929 - Answers year of the discovery of penicillin antibiotic - Answers medicine that inhibits the growth of or destroys microorganisms 1942 - Answers year of first penicillin use case George Gause and Maria Brazhnikova - Answers discovered a similar antibiotic agent called Gramicidin Soviet Bacillus brevis - Answers the bacteria capable of killing staphylococcus from which Gramicidin Soviet was extracted Gramicidin Soviet - Answers antibiotic agent similar to penicillin created by Gause and Brazhnikova Richard Synge - Answers worked to isolate the chemical structure of agents with a high concentration of penicillin, won the Nobel Prize in 1952 Peptides - Answers short amino acids sequences (mini-proteins) Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) - Answers strain of staphylococcus that was resistant to new treatments of penicillin problem - Answers sequencing new antibiotics (peptides): example - Answers Tyrocidine B1, produced by Bacillus brevis: one of the antibiotics created by Bacillus Brevis Central Dogma of Molecular Biology - Answers DNA -> RNA -> protein, 4 ribonucleotides {A,C,G,U}, gene transcribed to RNA, RNA translated to protein. All peptides must be encoded by the genom 64 codons - Answers non-overlapping 3mers genetic code - Answers the thing with the circles that helps you determine which amino acid comes out of a codon 20 amino acids - Answers distinct possibilities generated by the genetic code amino acid string - Answers a string of amino acids. Example: DNA TATACGAAA -> RNA UAUACGAAA -> aminos YTK six reading frames - Answers different ways of dividing data into codons encode - Answers patter peptide, or reverse complement peptide cyclic peptides - Answers peptides that are circular in nature and will have multiple amino acids surprise! no 30-mer in Bacillus brevis genome encodes Tyrocidine B1 - Answers Edward Tatum - Answers inhibited ribosomes to force a cell's shutdown 1963 experiment - Answers inhibited ribosome did not stop tyrocidines and gramicidins ribosome - Answers molecular machine that translates proteins 1969 Fritz Lippmann - Answers discovered NRPs non-ribosomal peptides (NRPs) - Answers peptides not synthesized by the ribosome, but rather by NRP synthetase