AP Computer Science Principles Exam Study Guide Solutions

AP Computer Science Principles Exam Study Guide Solutions Agile software development - ANSWER-An approach to software development that emphasizes a flexible and ready response to meet a shifting target. Benchmarking - ANSWER-Running a program on many data sets to be sure its performance falls within required limits; timing the same algorithm on two different machines. Code library - ANSWER-A collection of thoroughly tested object code for various useful tasks. Coding - ANSWER-The process of translating the detailed designs into computer code. Divide-and-conquer - ANSWER-A program design strategy in which tasks are broken down into subtasks, which are broken down into sub-subtasks, and so on, until each piece is small enough to code comfortably. These pieces work together to accomplish the total job. Empirical testing - ANSWER-Designing a special set of test cases and running the program using these test data. Executable module - ANSWER-The resulting object code after a linker inserts requested code from code libraries. ©EMILLECT 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024 Page 2/25 External documentation - ANSWER-Any materials assembled to clarify the program's design and implementation. Feasibility study - ANSWER-A step in the software development life cycle that evaluates a proposed project and compares the costs and benefits of various solutions. Integrated development environment (IDE) - ANSWER-A collection of programs that support software development, such as debuggers, editors, toolkits, and libraries, that lets programmers perform several tasks within the shell of a single application. Integration testing - ANSWER-After unit testing, integration testing is done to see that the modules communicate the necessary data between and among themselves and that all modules work together smoothly. Internal documentation - ANSWER-Documentation that is part of the program code itself. Logic error - ANSWER-An error in the algorithm used to solve a problem. Object code - ANSWER-Machine language instructions. Pair programming - ANSWER-Involves two programmers at a single workstation. At any given point in time, one is writing code and the other is actively observing, watching for possible errors but also thinking about the overall approach. ©EMILLECT 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024 Page 3/25 Problem specification - ANSWER-A step in the software development life cycle that involves developing a clear, concise, and unambiguous statement of the exact problem the software is to solve. Procedural language - ANSWER-A program written in a procedural language consists of sequences of statements that manipulate data items. Program design phase - ANSWER-A step in the software development life cycle that plans the structure of the software to be written. Program maintenance - ANSWER-The process of adapting an existing software product due to errors, new system requirements, or changing user needs. Program verification - ANSWER-Used to prove that if the input data to a program satisfies certain conditions, then, after the program has been run on these data, the output data satisfies certain other conditions. Regression testing - ANSWER-If anything is changed on an already-tested module, regression testing is done to be sure that this change has not introduced a new error into code that was previously correct. Runtime error - ANSWER-An error that occurs when the program is run using certain sets of data that result in some illegal operation, such as dividing by zero. ©EMILLECT 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024 Page 4/25 Semantics - ANSWER-The meaning of correctly written programming statements. Source code - ANSWER-High-level language instructions. Syntax error - ANSWER-An error that occurs because a program statement fails to follow the correct rules of syntax. Technical documentation - ANSWER-Documentation that enables programmers who later have to modify the program to understand the code. Third-generation language - ANSWER-Another name for high-level programming language as opposed to machine language (first generation) or assembly language (second generation). Top-down decomposition - ANSWER-A program design strategy in which tasks are broken down into subtasks, which are broken down into sub-subtasks, and so on, until each piece is small enough to code comfortably. These pieces work together to accomplish the total job. Syntax - ANSWER-The rules for exactly how programming statements must be written; the grammatical structure of a programming language Application - ANSWER-(Java) A complete standalone progra