©BRIGHTSTARS EXAM SOLUTIONS
10/27/2024 1:24 PM
Pharmacology UTA- Antibiotics Exam
Questions With Correct Answers
Bacteria - answer✔single celled organisms that can be either gram positive or gram negative`
How many outer layers does a gram positive bacteria have? - answer✔2 outer layers. so they
stain purple because the dye can penetrate the layers
How many outer layers does gram negative bacteria have? - answer✔3 outer layers, they don't
stain because the dye can't penetrate all 3 layers
Viruses - answer✔the smallest and toughest pathogen, hide inside of cells and trick the body
while they begin replicating
Fungi - answer✔yeasts and molds, that infect the skin or subcutaneous tissues as an opportunistic
infection
What are some of the body's defenses against infection? - answer✔physical barriers (skin or
ciliated respiratory mucosa), physiologic defenses (gastric acid in the stomach and immune
factors), and phagocytic cells
What are some factors that compromise the body defenses? - answer✔age, nutrition and immune
function
Bacteriostatic Drugs - answer✔drugs that inhibit the growth of bacteria
Bactericidal Drugs - answer✔drugs that kill bacteria
When should you use a combination of antibiotics? - answer✔-its a severe infection that persists
and is of unknown origin
-unsuccessfully treated with several single antibiotics
Narrow spectrum antibiotics - answer✔effective against one type of organism, either gram
positive or gram negative, not BOTH
, ©BRIGHTSTARS EXAM SOLUTIONS
10/27/2024 1:24 PM
Broad Spectrum antibiotics - answer✔effective against BOTH gram positive and gram negative
bacteria
When are broad spectrum antibiotics used? - answer✔when the offending microorganism has
NOT been identified by culture and sensitivity (C&S)
What percentage of patients receive antibiotics inappropriately? - answer✔50%
What does inappropriate antibiotic use look like? - answer✔overprescribing and not taking full
course of drug
Natural or Inherent resistance - answer✔occurs without previous exposure to antibacterial drug
Acquired Resistance - answer✔caused by prior to exposure to antibacterial
Cross Resistance - answer✔occur when antibiotics have similar actions (PCN and
Cephalosporins)
Community-Associate Resistance - answer✔acquired by a person who has not recently (in the
past year) been hospitalized
Health Care Associated Infection - answer✔infection acquired while client is hospitalized or
seen as a clinic recently, many due to drug-resistant bacteria
General Side Effects of Antibiotics - answer✔-allergy or hypersensitivity
-superinfection
-GI distress
-Steven's-Johnson Syndrome
Superinfection - answer✔secondary infection that occurs when normal flora is killed (an
infection on top of another infection)
Where are common sites for superinfections? - answer✔mouth, skin, respiratory tract, vagina,
intestines
How do superinfections occur? - answer✔usually when treated for more than 1 week
Which type of antibiotics are more likely to cause superinfections? - answer✔broad spectrum
antibiotics
What are some examples of superinfections? - answer✔Thrush or C diff
Organ Toxicity - answer✔mainly in the ear, liver, kidney
10/27/2024 1:24 PM
Pharmacology UTA- Antibiotics Exam
Questions With Correct Answers
Bacteria - answer✔single celled organisms that can be either gram positive or gram negative`
How many outer layers does a gram positive bacteria have? - answer✔2 outer layers. so they
stain purple because the dye can penetrate the layers
How many outer layers does gram negative bacteria have? - answer✔3 outer layers, they don't
stain because the dye can't penetrate all 3 layers
Viruses - answer✔the smallest and toughest pathogen, hide inside of cells and trick the body
while they begin replicating
Fungi - answer✔yeasts and molds, that infect the skin or subcutaneous tissues as an opportunistic
infection
What are some of the body's defenses against infection? - answer✔physical barriers (skin or
ciliated respiratory mucosa), physiologic defenses (gastric acid in the stomach and immune
factors), and phagocytic cells
What are some factors that compromise the body defenses? - answer✔age, nutrition and immune
function
Bacteriostatic Drugs - answer✔drugs that inhibit the growth of bacteria
Bactericidal Drugs - answer✔drugs that kill bacteria
When should you use a combination of antibiotics? - answer✔-its a severe infection that persists
and is of unknown origin
-unsuccessfully treated with several single antibiotics
Narrow spectrum antibiotics - answer✔effective against one type of organism, either gram
positive or gram negative, not BOTH
, ©BRIGHTSTARS EXAM SOLUTIONS
10/27/2024 1:24 PM
Broad Spectrum antibiotics - answer✔effective against BOTH gram positive and gram negative
bacteria
When are broad spectrum antibiotics used? - answer✔when the offending microorganism has
NOT been identified by culture and sensitivity (C&S)
What percentage of patients receive antibiotics inappropriately? - answer✔50%
What does inappropriate antibiotic use look like? - answer✔overprescribing and not taking full
course of drug
Natural or Inherent resistance - answer✔occurs without previous exposure to antibacterial drug
Acquired Resistance - answer✔caused by prior to exposure to antibacterial
Cross Resistance - answer✔occur when antibiotics have similar actions (PCN and
Cephalosporins)
Community-Associate Resistance - answer✔acquired by a person who has not recently (in the
past year) been hospitalized
Health Care Associated Infection - answer✔infection acquired while client is hospitalized or
seen as a clinic recently, many due to drug-resistant bacteria
General Side Effects of Antibiotics - answer✔-allergy or hypersensitivity
-superinfection
-GI distress
-Steven's-Johnson Syndrome
Superinfection - answer✔secondary infection that occurs when normal flora is killed (an
infection on top of another infection)
Where are common sites for superinfections? - answer✔mouth, skin, respiratory tract, vagina,
intestines
How do superinfections occur? - answer✔usually when treated for more than 1 week
Which type of antibiotics are more likely to cause superinfections? - answer✔broad spectrum
antibiotics
What are some examples of superinfections? - answer✔Thrush or C diff
Organ Toxicity - answer✔mainly in the ear, liver, kidney
