Canadian Public Administration Exam Questions with Complete Solutions Latest Update 2024

Canadian Public Administration Exam Questions with Complete Solutions Latest Update 2024 Public Administration - Answers - Academic study drawing on several principles -Set of administrative practices and institutional arrangements geared toward providing public services Politics and Administration Dichotomy - Answers Politics is about deciding what the government should do and public admin is about deciding how to do it. Different roles and responsibilities for the two sides - Public admin is tied to electoral politics - elected officials set priorities, agendas budgets and policies and public servants provide impartial advice to politicians Professionalization - Answers Creative of permanent, partizan public service staffed by trained experts Public servants are hired by merit Evolved through the reform of the patronage system, drawing on international examples (British example - colonial rule in India, record keeping) and American example - example of what they didn't want 1918 Civil Service Act - Answers creation of permanent civil service commission (now public service commission) British Bureaucratic Origins - Answers Comes from the middle ages - religious clerks that help the monarch King Henry the VIII's secretary of state developed the modern departmental organization Bureaucracy Origins - Answers First used in 18th C. and means rule by officials Max Weber, german sociologist wrote about bureaucracy as reflecting modern society - focus on efficients and rationality, detailed imperson rules As state expanded there was a bigger need for Bur. Positive Power - Answers Encourage a particular type of action Negative Power - Answers Stop a particular type of action Democracy - Answers concept shaped by societal values, rule of the people/the many Citizen participation of law making Direct Democracy - Answers Citizen personally vote Representative Democracy - Answers Delegate authority - what we have can still have come direct democracy votes (referendums) Political Democracy - Answers equal rights to voting and participation in the system Economic Demoncracy - Answers right to economic equality Federalism - Answers Form of gov based on the division of power between two levels (federal and provincial) A legal social economic political and administrative arrangement Modern federalism like American system. JAM wanted unitary (1 level) like the British have. Constitution - Answers Body of fundamental rules, written and unwritten under which government operates Guarantees rights Constitutional Monarchy - Answers the constitution limits the monarch's power Rule of Law - Answers Guarantees that no one is above the law based on the premise of legal and constitutional equality Inspired by John Locke - gov. only legitimate if it has the consent of the people, laws reflect will of people Constitutional Convention - Answers Unwritten constitutional law, binding rules of behaviour Cannot be enforced in the courts but politicians have obligation to respect conventions Responsible governemnt - Answers Convention from British system, Confidence convention - assumption that gov will act in support of the house Appointing the Government - Answers Convention example that PM is MP most likely to be able to secure confidence of the house, generally the leader of the part with the most seats Convention Adv and Disadv - Answers Conventions allow for change because of the ability to break conventions But they can be frustrating because if allows for variation of beliefs from one PM to the next Division of Power - Federal - Answers Nation Making powers (trade, commerce, defense, foreign affairs), taxes, criminal code, sale of natural resources Division of Power - Provincial - Answers education, welfare, and culture, natural resources Peace Order and Good Government - Answers Can allow Federal government to take over but its use is limited to emergencies BNA Act 1867 Sec. 53 - Answers Bills imposing tax or any part of public revenue but come from the house of commons - no taxation without representation BNA Act 1867 Sec. 54 - Answers House of commons can only consider money bill by recommendation of the PM this results in a coherent spending platform and means that money can't be spent without it coming from the PM Constitutional Evolution - Answers Respond to political and cultural changes, Canada wanted to change that the BNA allowed final say to be in Britain and that it did not guarantee the rights and freedoms BNA also didn't have an amending formula so hard to address Constitutional Patriating - Answers Patriation means bringing the constitutional document home Constitution Act 1982 - Answers Constitution is patriated so Can can make changes without British approval The Charter - Answers Part of the Constitution Act, entrenches rights of all Canadian Citizens fundamental to individual freedoms Section 15- no discrimination Section 25 - recognizes aboriginal treaty rights Section 28 - all rights for men and women Reasonable Limits Clause - Answers This is part of the charter that says that these rights are gaurunteed but only within reasonable limits, this makes courts more powerful because they need to rule of what reasonable limits are Example: ability to drink and drive is reasonable to infringe on these rights Not Withstanding Clause - Answers This is essentially an opt-out clause, governments can override charter rights However, courts can override federal decisions Quasi Federalism - Answers First Era of Canadian Fed, period of high centralization and essentially a unitary system (not divided authority) Classic Federalism - Answers 1900-60's