WOUND CARE EXAM STUDY GUIDE
Skin Structure - Answers-
External skin surface - Answers- Stratum basale the granular layer, Stratum spinosum
the spiny layer, Stratum granulosum the granular layer, Stratum lucidum the clear layer,
Stratum corneum the horny layer
Stratum basale - Answers- The Deepest cell layer; contains continuous dividing cells.
Stratum spinosum - Answers- The Epithelial cell layer located between the stratum
basale and stratum granulosum.
Stratum granulosum - Answers- Epithelial cell layer located between the stratum
spinosum and stratum lucidum.
Stratum lucidum - Answers- Epithelial cell layer located between the stratum
granulosum sand stratum corneum.
Stratum corneum - Answers- Outermost epithelial cell layer; consists of dead
keratinocytes
Basement Membrane - Answers- Forms junction between dermis and epidermis.
Cells of the Epidermis: - Answers- Keratinocytes create toughness, Langerhans' cells
offer protection, Melanocytes produce melanin, Merkel's cells offer touch sensation
Functions Of Skin - Answers- Prevents excessive loss of fluids; melanin; ph slightly
acidic 4.5- 5; maintain Temperature vasodilation to dissipate heat; vasoconstriction to
retain heat; maintenance of calcium and phosphorus levels in the bone and blood
Epidermal Appendages: - Answers- Sebaceous glands secret sebum, Hair follicles,
Eccrine sweat Glands produce sweat, regulate temperature and eliminate waste;
Apocrine sweat glands produce body odor; Nails
, Dermal Layers: - Answers- Two layers: Papillary dermis anchor dermis with finger like
projections; Reticular dermis lower layer offers strength
Collagen, Elastin: - Answers- Collagen is a protein which gives skin tensile strength.
Type 1 Collagen 77-85%; Type 3 Collagen - 15-23%; Elastin- Protein which provides the
skin with its recoil
Dermal Cell Types: - Answers- Fibroblasts produce collagen, elastin, granulation tissue
and growth factors. Macrophages and White Blood Cells fight infection; Mast Cells
initiate inflammation response.
Desmosomes - Answers- Specialized structures which bind adjacent keratinocytes to
one another and give cohesion to each layer during its upward progression
Dermis - Answers- Supports and nourishes epidermis, thick, dense , fibroelastic,
connective tissue. Highly vascularized, Contains nerves, sweat glands, sebaceous
glands, hair follicles, Produced in bone marrow
Extra cellular matrix (ECM) - Answers- Largest component of dermis, gel like matrix
produced by the cells that it surrounds
Subcutaneous tissue - Answers- Lies beneath the dermis and composed of adipose
tissue and fascia, provides cushioning.
Fascia - Answers- White shiny in appearance, sheath like covering for muscles, nerves,
and blood vessels
Collagenase - Answers- Endogenous enzyme that breaks collagen bonds during
maturation and remodeling phase.
Contraction - Answers- Part of the proliferation phase of wound healing , decreasing
the size of the wound defect, Myoblasts drive the process of wound contraction.
Cytokine - Answers- Signaling protein in the inflammatory phase
Desiccation - Answers- The state of extreme dryness, or the process of extreme drying.
Desiccation of wound removes the physiological fluids that support wound healing
activity.
Diapedesis - Answers- Diapedesis helps movement of PMNs through capillary walls.
PMN or polymorphonuclear neutrophil - Answers- PMN are cells that clean the wound;
secretes enzymes and help mediate inflammation.
Eosinophil - Answers- A granular leukocyte associated with allergic response.
Skin Structure - Answers-
External skin surface - Answers- Stratum basale the granular layer, Stratum spinosum
the spiny layer, Stratum granulosum the granular layer, Stratum lucidum the clear layer,
Stratum corneum the horny layer
Stratum basale - Answers- The Deepest cell layer; contains continuous dividing cells.
Stratum spinosum - Answers- The Epithelial cell layer located between the stratum
basale and stratum granulosum.
Stratum granulosum - Answers- Epithelial cell layer located between the stratum
spinosum and stratum lucidum.
Stratum lucidum - Answers- Epithelial cell layer located between the stratum
granulosum sand stratum corneum.
Stratum corneum - Answers- Outermost epithelial cell layer; consists of dead
keratinocytes
Basement Membrane - Answers- Forms junction between dermis and epidermis.
Cells of the Epidermis: - Answers- Keratinocytes create toughness, Langerhans' cells
offer protection, Melanocytes produce melanin, Merkel's cells offer touch sensation
Functions Of Skin - Answers- Prevents excessive loss of fluids; melanin; ph slightly
acidic 4.5- 5; maintain Temperature vasodilation to dissipate heat; vasoconstriction to
retain heat; maintenance of calcium and phosphorus levels in the bone and blood
Epidermal Appendages: - Answers- Sebaceous glands secret sebum, Hair follicles,
Eccrine sweat Glands produce sweat, regulate temperature and eliminate waste;
Apocrine sweat glands produce body odor; Nails
, Dermal Layers: - Answers- Two layers: Papillary dermis anchor dermis with finger like
projections; Reticular dermis lower layer offers strength
Collagen, Elastin: - Answers- Collagen is a protein which gives skin tensile strength.
Type 1 Collagen 77-85%; Type 3 Collagen - 15-23%; Elastin- Protein which provides the
skin with its recoil
Dermal Cell Types: - Answers- Fibroblasts produce collagen, elastin, granulation tissue
and growth factors. Macrophages and White Blood Cells fight infection; Mast Cells
initiate inflammation response.
Desmosomes - Answers- Specialized structures which bind adjacent keratinocytes to
one another and give cohesion to each layer during its upward progression
Dermis - Answers- Supports and nourishes epidermis, thick, dense , fibroelastic,
connective tissue. Highly vascularized, Contains nerves, sweat glands, sebaceous
glands, hair follicles, Produced in bone marrow
Extra cellular matrix (ECM) - Answers- Largest component of dermis, gel like matrix
produced by the cells that it surrounds
Subcutaneous tissue - Answers- Lies beneath the dermis and composed of adipose
tissue and fascia, provides cushioning.
Fascia - Answers- White shiny in appearance, sheath like covering for muscles, nerves,
and blood vessels
Collagenase - Answers- Endogenous enzyme that breaks collagen bonds during
maturation and remodeling phase.
Contraction - Answers- Part of the proliferation phase of wound healing , decreasing
the size of the wound defect, Myoblasts drive the process of wound contraction.
Cytokine - Answers- Signaling protein in the inflammatory phase
Desiccation - Answers- The state of extreme dryness, or the process of extreme drying.
Desiccation of wound removes the physiological fluids that support wound healing
activity.
Diapedesis - Answers- Diapedesis helps movement of PMNs through capillary walls.
PMN or polymorphonuclear neutrophil - Answers- PMN are cells that clean the wound;
secretes enzymes and help mediate inflammation.
Eosinophil - Answers- A granular leukocyte associated with allergic response.
