Cells and living things KS3
Living things – MRS NERG
M - Movement:
Living organisms exhibit movement, which can be internal (e.g., circulation of blood in
animals) or external (e.g., animals moving from one place to another).
R - Respiration:
Living organisms undergo respiration, a process where they extract energy from food to fuel
their life processes.
S - Sensitivity:
Living organisms can sense and respond to their environment. They have receptors that
allow them to detect and react to stimuli.
G - Growth:
Living organisms can grow and develop. They increase in size and complexity as they
progress through their life cycle.
R - Reproduction:
Living organisms can produce offspring, ensuring the continuity of their species.
Reproduction can occur through sexual (involving two parents) or asexual (involving one
parent) processes.
E - Excretion:
Living organisms produce waste materials because of processes. Excretion is the removal of
these waste products.
N - Nutrition:
Living organisms need to obtain and consume nutrients for growth and energy. These
nutrients can include food, water, and other essential substances required for survival.
1. Introduction to Cells:
- Cells are the basic building blocks of all living things.
- They are too small to be seen without a microscope.
- Organisms can be unicellular (made of a single cell) or multicellular (made of many
cells).
, Cells and living things KS3
2. Types of Cells:
- There are two main types of cells: animal cells and plant cells.
- Animal cells are found in animals and humans.
- Plant cells are found in plants.
3. Structure of Animal Cells:
- Cell membrane: The outer layer that controls what enters and leaves the cell (made
of proteins and fats).
- Cytoplasm: A jelly-like substance that holds the organelles (also where most chemical
reactions occur).
- Nucleus: Contains the genetic material (DNA) and controls the cell’s
activities/function.
- Mitochondria: The site of aerobic respiration and the production of energy.
- Ribosomes: Where proteins are made.
.
4. Structure of Plant Cells:
- In addition to the structures found in animal cells, plant cells have:
- Cell wall: A rigid outer layer that provides support (made of cellulose).
- Chloroplasts: Contain chlorophyll for photosynthesis – photosynthesis occurs here.
- Vacuole: Contains cell sap and stores water (keeping the cell firm, maintaining the
cell’s shape).
5. Functions of Cells:
Cells carry out various functions to keep organisms alive.
Living things – MRS NERG
M - Movement:
Living organisms exhibit movement, which can be internal (e.g., circulation of blood in
animals) or external (e.g., animals moving from one place to another).
R - Respiration:
Living organisms undergo respiration, a process where they extract energy from food to fuel
their life processes.
S - Sensitivity:
Living organisms can sense and respond to their environment. They have receptors that
allow them to detect and react to stimuli.
G - Growth:
Living organisms can grow and develop. They increase in size and complexity as they
progress through their life cycle.
R - Reproduction:
Living organisms can produce offspring, ensuring the continuity of their species.
Reproduction can occur through sexual (involving two parents) or asexual (involving one
parent) processes.
E - Excretion:
Living organisms produce waste materials because of processes. Excretion is the removal of
these waste products.
N - Nutrition:
Living organisms need to obtain and consume nutrients for growth and energy. These
nutrients can include food, water, and other essential substances required for survival.
1. Introduction to Cells:
- Cells are the basic building blocks of all living things.
- They are too small to be seen without a microscope.
- Organisms can be unicellular (made of a single cell) or multicellular (made of many
cells).
, Cells and living things KS3
2. Types of Cells:
- There are two main types of cells: animal cells and plant cells.
- Animal cells are found in animals and humans.
- Plant cells are found in plants.
3. Structure of Animal Cells:
- Cell membrane: The outer layer that controls what enters and leaves the cell (made
of proteins and fats).
- Cytoplasm: A jelly-like substance that holds the organelles (also where most chemical
reactions occur).
- Nucleus: Contains the genetic material (DNA) and controls the cell’s
activities/function.
- Mitochondria: The site of aerobic respiration and the production of energy.
- Ribosomes: Where proteins are made.
.
4. Structure of Plant Cells:
- In addition to the structures found in animal cells, plant cells have:
- Cell wall: A rigid outer layer that provides support (made of cellulose).
- Chloroplasts: Contain chlorophyll for photosynthesis – photosynthesis occurs here.
- Vacuole: Contains cell sap and stores water (keeping the cell firm, maintaining the
cell’s shape).
5. Functions of Cells:
Cells carry out various functions to keep organisms alive.
