2024 PCU EXAM WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS
what are normal ABG values? - CORRECT-ANSWERSpH: acidic 7.35-7.45 basic
CO2: basic 35-45 acidic
HCO3-: acidic 22-26 basic
normal paO2 - CORRECT-ANSWERS80-100 mmHg
what pH levels are lethal? - CORRECT-ANSWERSoutside 6.8-7.8
what is the threshold for blood transfusion? - CORRECT-ANSWERSHgb 7
signs/symptoms of stroke - CORRECT-ANSWERS-intense headache
-sudden weakness or numbness, esp unilateral
-loss of vision
-loss of speech or difficulty understanding
-trouble walking, loss of balance or coordination
what are symptoms more typical in hemorrhagic stroke? - CORRECT-
ANSWERSheadache, IICP, decreased LOC, seizures
R vs L sided stroke - CORRECT-ANSWERSR - impulsive, left weakness/sensory
loss, right gaze preference
L - aphasia, right weakness/sensory loss, left gaze preference
what are interventions for ischemic stroke? - CORRECT-ANSWERSadminister
tPA, give fluids to induce HTN, O2
what are interventions for hemorrhagic stroke? - CORRECT-
ANSWERSanticipate intubation, manage BP, monitor ICP in ICU, surgical
intervention, elevate HOB, mannitol
what is the assessment tool for alcohol withdrawal? - CORRECT-
ANSWERSCIWA
, signs/sx of alcohol withdrawal - CORRECT-ANSWERSagitation, anxiety,
delirium, increased HR & BP, sweating, n/v, trauma, sweating, tremors,
hallucinations, seizures
treatments for alcohol withdrawal - CORRECT-ANSWERS-O2, suction,
intubate if needed
-fluids
-lorazepam/benzos, vitamins
what is NIPPV used for? - CORRECT-ANSWERShypoxemia or hypercapnia in
pts who are not candidates for intubation - can maintain spontaneous
ventilation, hemodynamically stable, patent airway
contraindications for NIPPV - CORRECT-ANSWERSapnea, hemodynamically
unstable, somnolence, aspiration/secretions, unable to protect airway,
claustrophobia
CPAP vs BiPAP - CORRECT-ANSWERSCPAP:
-blows constant pressure while you breathe in
-blows the same pressure when you exhale
BiPAP:
-blows set pressure while you breathe in
-blows lower pressure while you breathe in so it's easier to exhale
what glucose level indicates DKA? what are other signs/sx? - CORRECT-
ANSWERSBG > 250
positive ketones
excessive thirst + urination
blurry vision
n/v
fatigue
low K+ from diuresis (first high K+ from acidosis)
fruity breath
hot flushed skin
compensatory respirations (kussmaul)
metabolic acidosis
anion gap and pH in DKA - CORRECT-ANSWERS> 10; pH < 3.5
treatment for DKA - CORRECT-ANSWERSfluids
insulin
restore electrolytes
correct acidosis
is bicarb used to treat DKA? - CORRECT-ANSWERSno, unless pH < 6.9
ANSWERS
what are normal ABG values? - CORRECT-ANSWERSpH: acidic 7.35-7.45 basic
CO2: basic 35-45 acidic
HCO3-: acidic 22-26 basic
normal paO2 - CORRECT-ANSWERS80-100 mmHg
what pH levels are lethal? - CORRECT-ANSWERSoutside 6.8-7.8
what is the threshold for blood transfusion? - CORRECT-ANSWERSHgb 7
signs/symptoms of stroke - CORRECT-ANSWERS-intense headache
-sudden weakness or numbness, esp unilateral
-loss of vision
-loss of speech or difficulty understanding
-trouble walking, loss of balance or coordination
what are symptoms more typical in hemorrhagic stroke? - CORRECT-
ANSWERSheadache, IICP, decreased LOC, seizures
R vs L sided stroke - CORRECT-ANSWERSR - impulsive, left weakness/sensory
loss, right gaze preference
L - aphasia, right weakness/sensory loss, left gaze preference
what are interventions for ischemic stroke? - CORRECT-ANSWERSadminister
tPA, give fluids to induce HTN, O2
what are interventions for hemorrhagic stroke? - CORRECT-
ANSWERSanticipate intubation, manage BP, monitor ICP in ICU, surgical
intervention, elevate HOB, mannitol
what is the assessment tool for alcohol withdrawal? - CORRECT-
ANSWERSCIWA
, signs/sx of alcohol withdrawal - CORRECT-ANSWERSagitation, anxiety,
delirium, increased HR & BP, sweating, n/v, trauma, sweating, tremors,
hallucinations, seizures
treatments for alcohol withdrawal - CORRECT-ANSWERS-O2, suction,
intubate if needed
-fluids
-lorazepam/benzos, vitamins
what is NIPPV used for? - CORRECT-ANSWERShypoxemia or hypercapnia in
pts who are not candidates for intubation - can maintain spontaneous
ventilation, hemodynamically stable, patent airway
contraindications for NIPPV - CORRECT-ANSWERSapnea, hemodynamically
unstable, somnolence, aspiration/secretions, unable to protect airway,
claustrophobia
CPAP vs BiPAP - CORRECT-ANSWERSCPAP:
-blows constant pressure while you breathe in
-blows the same pressure when you exhale
BiPAP:
-blows set pressure while you breathe in
-blows lower pressure while you breathe in so it's easier to exhale
what glucose level indicates DKA? what are other signs/sx? - CORRECT-
ANSWERSBG > 250
positive ketones
excessive thirst + urination
blurry vision
n/v
fatigue
low K+ from diuresis (first high K+ from acidosis)
fruity breath
hot flushed skin
compensatory respirations (kussmaul)
metabolic acidosis
anion gap and pH in DKA - CORRECT-ANSWERS> 10; pH < 3.5
treatment for DKA - CORRECT-ANSWERSfluids
insulin
restore electrolytes
correct acidosis
is bicarb used to treat DKA? - CORRECT-ANSWERSno, unless pH < 6.9
