py 101 test 1 dobias
how can psychology be defined? what is the goal? - correct answer
✔psychology is the scientific study of the mind (private inner experience) and
behavior (observable actions)
how did early philosophers influence what we know today as psych? - correct
answer ✔the foundation of psychology was built within philosophy - early
philosophers described how the mind worked.
plato - correct answer ✔believed knowledge was innate - "nativism"
aristotle - correct answer ✔mind starts as blank slate - "philosophical
empiricism"
descartes - correct answer ✔believed body and mind are separate -
"dualism"
(described nervous system as a machine)
john locke - correct answer ✔continued idea of blank slate
empiricism - correct answer ✔the belief that accurate knowledge can be
acquired through observation and experience
structuralism/ introspection - correct answer ✔the goal was to separate
consciousness into its most basic parts. uses analysis of basic elements that
constitute the mind. asking how simple experiences come together to produce
more complex experiences
, functionalism - correct answer ✔the study of how mental processes enable
people to adapt to their environments. instilled that things like consciousness
must serve a practical, adaptive purpose
experimental vs. correlational - correct answer ✔correlation cannot
determine causation, but an experiment can.
ex/ as ice cream sales increase, drowning also increases
drowning increases are caused by people swimming in higher heat. heat is
also what causes ice cream sales
what determines the strength of correlation? - correct answer ✔
spurious correlation - correct answer ✔not actually correlated but a third
factor connects the two ("Third Variable Problem")
ex/ ice cream and drowining
hypothesis - correct answer ✔a testable prediction, often implied by a theory
independent vs dependent variables - correct answer ✔ind: variable that is
manipulated
dep: variable that is observed
occam's razor - correct answer ✔cuts away unlikely explanations for a
behavior
ex/ "clever hans": horse that answered math problems - the horse used cues
to determine the correct answer and when those cues were taken away he
could not do it
how can psychology be defined? what is the goal? - correct answer
✔psychology is the scientific study of the mind (private inner experience) and
behavior (observable actions)
how did early philosophers influence what we know today as psych? - correct
answer ✔the foundation of psychology was built within philosophy - early
philosophers described how the mind worked.
plato - correct answer ✔believed knowledge was innate - "nativism"
aristotle - correct answer ✔mind starts as blank slate - "philosophical
empiricism"
descartes - correct answer ✔believed body and mind are separate -
"dualism"
(described nervous system as a machine)
john locke - correct answer ✔continued idea of blank slate
empiricism - correct answer ✔the belief that accurate knowledge can be
acquired through observation and experience
structuralism/ introspection - correct answer ✔the goal was to separate
consciousness into its most basic parts. uses analysis of basic elements that
constitute the mind. asking how simple experiences come together to produce
more complex experiences
, functionalism - correct answer ✔the study of how mental processes enable
people to adapt to their environments. instilled that things like consciousness
must serve a practical, adaptive purpose
experimental vs. correlational - correct answer ✔correlation cannot
determine causation, but an experiment can.
ex/ as ice cream sales increase, drowning also increases
drowning increases are caused by people swimming in higher heat. heat is
also what causes ice cream sales
what determines the strength of correlation? - correct answer ✔
spurious correlation - correct answer ✔not actually correlated but a third
factor connects the two ("Third Variable Problem")
ex/ ice cream and drowining
hypothesis - correct answer ✔a testable prediction, often implied by a theory
independent vs dependent variables - correct answer ✔ind: variable that is
manipulated
dep: variable that is observed
occam's razor - correct answer ✔cuts away unlikely explanations for a
behavior
ex/ "clever hans": horse that answered math problems - the horse used cues
to determine the correct answer and when those cues were taken away he
could not do it
