PSY 3213 Exam Questions and Answers Already Passed

PSY 3213 Exam Questions and Answers Already Passed A Type I error is known as which of the following? - Answers A false positive Sasha believes that she is a nice person. To confirm this, she asks all her friends whether she is a nice person; they all agree that she is. Sasha concludes that she is a nice person and says she has evidence of it. However, she does not ask any of her enemies whether they think she is a nice person. This is an example of which of the following? - Answers Cherry-picking of evidence Dr. Hoda measures job satisfaction and number of years of education. In examining her scatterplot, she sees that the cloud of points has no slope. This indicates which type of relationship? - Answers Zero association Which of the following validities is NOT examined in all research claims? - Answers Internal validity Which of the following is an association claim? - Answers "Owning a dog is related to higher life satisfaction." A common finding in the study of aggression is that exposure to television is associated with increased aggressive behavior in children. You know this relationship may not be causal because you are not sure which occurred first—watching television or being aggressive. You are questioning which of the following rules of causation? - Answers The rule of temporal precedence Which of the following is true of operational definitions? - Answers The specification of operational definitions is one of the creative aspects of the research process. Establishing construct validity is most important for which of the following? - Answers An abstract concept Which of the following is a reason NOT to use observational operationalizations? - Answers You need a lot of participants How many subcategories of quantitative variables exist? Hint: These are the main ways a variable can be operationalized. - Answers Three There is only one correct way to operationalize any given variable. - Answers False Which of the following is NOT an example of physiological measurement? - Answers Number of panic attacks a patient reports Hosea is studying the relationship between caffeine consumption and problem-solving ability. Which of the following is a categorical way to operationalize caffeine consumption? - Answers Whether the participant drank a soda in the 24 hours prior to the study Establishing construct validity would probably be most important for which of the following? - Answers A measure of religiosity Todd is also studying the effect of popularity on academic success for his research methods project. He decides to measure popularity by asking each elementary school student to tell him how many friends he or she has. He assumes that more friends means the student is more popular. Which of the following best describes this variable? - Answers A ratio scale of measurement Operational definitions are abstract ideas. - Answers False Why are convergent and discriminant validity often evaluated together? - Answers Both involve collecting information from a lot of psychological measures of theoretical interest. Producer of research - Answers Actually designing, conducting, analyzing data Consumer of Research - Answers Using research to learn, understand problems Which of the following is an example of producing research? - Answers Which of the following is an example of consuming research? - Answers Via empiricism only - Answers Basic and applied problems Features of good theories - Answers Supported by the data Exhibits parsimony (is parsimonious) Falsifiability (is falsifiable) Parsimony - Answers Given two competing theories that make the same predictions (i.e., all else equal), the simpler theory should be chosen Occam's razor Applied Research - Answers Goal for findings to be directly applied to the solution of a practical problem Efficacy of one medical treatment versus another Use of LSD and psychotropic drugs is linked to higher incidents of mental illness? - Answers False. LSD use lower rates of mental illness. Why shouldn't you trust experience as a source of information? - Answers Experience has no comparison group • Experience is confounded Pop-up Principle (Availability heuristic): - Answers Things that come easily to mind guide our thinking Present/Present Bias: - Answers We focus on what is present and ignore what is absent Cherry-picking the evidence - Answers we seek and accept only the evidence that supports what we already think Consider the statement: "There are way more dogs than cats in this city. That's all you see in the parks—dogs, dogs, dogs!"Which of the following best characterizes the bias in this reasoning? - Answers B. Present/present bias Consider the statement: "I'm certain that my uncle is an alcoholic. I asked him if he drinks every day, and he said he does." Which of the following best characterizes the bias in this reasoning? - Answers C. Asking biased questions Why should you have reservations when you trust authority? - Answers What authority says could be based on... -Their research -Their assumptions -Their personal experience -Their political or financial motivations, interests -Their reasoning can be flawed Measured variable - Answers You are not creating it, you are just observing and recording it -Sampling of condition (e.g., GPA, blood pressure)