MLS Review- Urinalysis and Body Fluids
Test Banks With Solutions
Urine Specimens- Random use: routine urinalysis (UA)
collection: anytime
other: not ideal since urine may be dilute or contaminated
Urine Specimens- First am use: Routine UA
collection: upon awakening
other: best for screening- most concentrated
Urine Specimens- 2 hr postprandial use: Diabetes mellitus monitoring
collection: 2hr after eating
other: best for detecting glycosuria
Urine Specimens- 24-hr use: Quantitative chemistry tests
collection: Discard 1st void on day 1 & note time.
Collect all urine for next 24 hr, including first void at same time on day 2
, MLS Review- Urinalysis and Body Fluids
Test Banks With Solutions
other: Improper collection is common source of error. Refrigerate or keep on ice. Preservatives
required for some tests.
Urine Specimens- Clean Catch use: routine, culture
collection: Cleanse external genitalia & collect midstream in sterile cup
other: less contamination. do culture before UA
Urine Specimens- Catheterized use: culture
collection: catheter inserted into urethra
other: avoids contamination
Urine Specimens- Suprapubic aspiration Use: culture
collection: needle inserted through abdomen into bladder
other: avoids contamination
Normal Daily Urine Volume 600ml - 2000ml (average 1,200-1,500mL)
, MLS Review- Urinalysis and Body Fluids
Test Banks With Solutions
Normal Day to Night ratio (urine) 2:1-3:1
exocrine function of kidney elimination of metabolic waste products
Diuresis increase urine production
Polyuria excessive production of urine
Adult: >2,500mL daily
Children: 2.5-3mL/kg/day
Oliguria Decreased urine output
Adult: <400mL/day
Children: <0.5mL/kg/hr
Infants: <1mL/kg/hr
, MLS Review- Urinalysis and Body Fluids
Test Banks With Solutions
Anuria no urine production
Normal Urine color yellow due to urochrome
Dilute urine color colorless, pale yellow
Concentrated Urine color Dark yellow, amber
Bilirubin urine color Amber, orange, yellow-green; yellow foam on shaking
Urobilin Urine Color Amber, orange; no yellow foam on shaking
Homogentisic acid Normal on voiding; brown or black on standing
Melanin brown or black standing
Methemoglobin brown or black
Test Banks With Solutions
Urine Specimens- Random use: routine urinalysis (UA)
collection: anytime
other: not ideal since urine may be dilute or contaminated
Urine Specimens- First am use: Routine UA
collection: upon awakening
other: best for screening- most concentrated
Urine Specimens- 2 hr postprandial use: Diabetes mellitus monitoring
collection: 2hr after eating
other: best for detecting glycosuria
Urine Specimens- 24-hr use: Quantitative chemistry tests
collection: Discard 1st void on day 1 & note time.
Collect all urine for next 24 hr, including first void at same time on day 2
, MLS Review- Urinalysis and Body Fluids
Test Banks With Solutions
other: Improper collection is common source of error. Refrigerate or keep on ice. Preservatives
required for some tests.
Urine Specimens- Clean Catch use: routine, culture
collection: Cleanse external genitalia & collect midstream in sterile cup
other: less contamination. do culture before UA
Urine Specimens- Catheterized use: culture
collection: catheter inserted into urethra
other: avoids contamination
Urine Specimens- Suprapubic aspiration Use: culture
collection: needle inserted through abdomen into bladder
other: avoids contamination
Normal Daily Urine Volume 600ml - 2000ml (average 1,200-1,500mL)
, MLS Review- Urinalysis and Body Fluids
Test Banks With Solutions
Normal Day to Night ratio (urine) 2:1-3:1
exocrine function of kidney elimination of metabolic waste products
Diuresis increase urine production
Polyuria excessive production of urine
Adult: >2,500mL daily
Children: 2.5-3mL/kg/day
Oliguria Decreased urine output
Adult: <400mL/day
Children: <0.5mL/kg/hr
Infants: <1mL/kg/hr
, MLS Review- Urinalysis and Body Fluids
Test Banks With Solutions
Anuria no urine production
Normal Urine color yellow due to urochrome
Dilute urine color colorless, pale yellow
Concentrated Urine color Dark yellow, amber
Bilirubin urine color Amber, orange, yellow-green; yellow foam on shaking
Urobilin Urine Color Amber, orange; no yellow foam on shaking
Homogentisic acid Normal on voiding; brown or black on standing
Melanin brown or black standing
Methemoglobin brown or black
