NUR 258 Study Guide With
Complete Solution
Pulmonary Artery Pressures - ANSWER -Method for measuring the pressures
inside the pulmonary circulatory system
-It can help evaluate RV & LV function
-Different Hemodynamic Measurements
--Pulmonary Artery Pressure (PA)
--Pulmonary Capillary Wedge Pressure (PCWP)or Pulmonary Artery Wedge
Pressure (PWP)
-CVP
-Cardiac Output/cardiac index
PA Pressure - ANSWER - measures the pressure within the pulmonary artery
Normal: PAS - 15-30mmgHg; PAD - 4-12mmHg
PWP - ANSWER - measures the pressure within the pulmonary capillary
system. By occluding the blood flow by inflating a small balloon; it reflects
the pressure in the left side of the heart at the end of diastole - LVEDP
Normal: 6 - 12 mg/H
CVP - ANSWER - measures the pressure in the right atrium and can indicate
fluid volume, aka preload
Normal: 2-8 mmHg
,Cardiac Output - ANSWER - measurement of the amount of volume ejected
by the heart per minute.
CO = HR x SV
Normal: The value can vary with the size of the patient, however the average
is 4-8 liters/minute
An increase in HR can be an attempt to increase CO
Preload - ANSWER - amount of blood in the left/right heart chamber at the
end of diastole
Afterload - ANSWER - Systemic -pressure LV must overcome during systole.
Can be impacted by the aortic valve or pressure in or beyond the aorta.
Pulmonary - pressure RV must overcome during systole
MI and/or Heart Failure effect on pressures - ANSWER -PA pressure -
increased
-PAWP - increased
-CVP - increased
-Cardiac Output - decreased
Hypovolemia effect on pressures - ANSWER -PA pressure - decreased
-PAWP - decreased
-CVP - decreased
-Cardiac Output - decreased
What is a possible complication to invasive monitoring? - ANSWER
-Pneumothorax
, Potential complication of pneumothorax?
Downsides to a fast HR - ANSWER While an increase in HR can help increase
CO, are there any downsides to a fast heart rate?
When do the coronary arteries fill?
-diastole
What impact does heart rate have on ventricular filling time?
-less time to fill meaning less SV
Pacemakers - ANSWER Used primarily to correct slow heart rates
-Symptomatic sinus bradycardia
-Heart block
-Sinus node dysfunction
*Able to pace
-Atria
-Ventricles
-Both
*Demand - only fires when needed
*Asynchronous - fires regardless of patient's own intrinsic rhythm
Pacemaker Settings - ANSWER -Rate
Complete Solution
Pulmonary Artery Pressures - ANSWER -Method for measuring the pressures
inside the pulmonary circulatory system
-It can help evaluate RV & LV function
-Different Hemodynamic Measurements
--Pulmonary Artery Pressure (PA)
--Pulmonary Capillary Wedge Pressure (PCWP)or Pulmonary Artery Wedge
Pressure (PWP)
-CVP
-Cardiac Output/cardiac index
PA Pressure - ANSWER - measures the pressure within the pulmonary artery
Normal: PAS - 15-30mmgHg; PAD - 4-12mmHg
PWP - ANSWER - measures the pressure within the pulmonary capillary
system. By occluding the blood flow by inflating a small balloon; it reflects
the pressure in the left side of the heart at the end of diastole - LVEDP
Normal: 6 - 12 mg/H
CVP - ANSWER - measures the pressure in the right atrium and can indicate
fluid volume, aka preload
Normal: 2-8 mmHg
,Cardiac Output - ANSWER - measurement of the amount of volume ejected
by the heart per minute.
CO = HR x SV
Normal: The value can vary with the size of the patient, however the average
is 4-8 liters/minute
An increase in HR can be an attempt to increase CO
Preload - ANSWER - amount of blood in the left/right heart chamber at the
end of diastole
Afterload - ANSWER - Systemic -pressure LV must overcome during systole.
Can be impacted by the aortic valve or pressure in or beyond the aorta.
Pulmonary - pressure RV must overcome during systole
MI and/or Heart Failure effect on pressures - ANSWER -PA pressure -
increased
-PAWP - increased
-CVP - increased
-Cardiac Output - decreased
Hypovolemia effect on pressures - ANSWER -PA pressure - decreased
-PAWP - decreased
-CVP - decreased
-Cardiac Output - decreased
What is a possible complication to invasive monitoring? - ANSWER
-Pneumothorax
, Potential complication of pneumothorax?
Downsides to a fast HR - ANSWER While an increase in HR can help increase
CO, are there any downsides to a fast heart rate?
When do the coronary arteries fill?
-diastole
What impact does heart rate have on ventricular filling time?
-less time to fill meaning less SV
Pacemakers - ANSWER Used primarily to correct slow heart rates
-Symptomatic sinus bradycardia
-Heart block
-Sinus node dysfunction
*Able to pace
-Atria
-Ventricles
-Both
*Demand - only fires when needed
*Asynchronous - fires regardless of patient's own intrinsic rhythm
Pacemaker Settings - ANSWER -Rate
