ATI PHARMACOLOGY – PN EXAM
REVIEW QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
- avoiding tourniquets, using BP cuff to visualize.
- no slapping
- hold their hand below the heart.
- avoid using the back of the hand
- avoid rigorous friction while cleaning site. - Answer-What are specific considerations
for adult clients, clients who are taking anticoagulants, and clients who have fragile
veins?
Infiltration - Answer-An IV that is pale, has local swelling, decreased skin temperature
around the site, damp dressing and slowed infusion is what complication?
- Stop the infusion and remove catheter
- elevate extremity
- encourage ROM
- apply a cold or warm compress depending on the solution infiltrated.
- check with the provider to determine whether they still need IV therapy. - Answer-What
is the treatment for infiltrated IV?
Extravasation (infiltration of vesicant) - Answer-An IV is painful, burning, red and
swelling what complication is occurring?
- Stop the infusion and notify the provider
- follow facility protocol. (withdrawing the vesicant solution from the IV access and
infusing an antidote through catheter before removal.
- repeated treatment for infiltration. - Answer-what is the treatment for extravasation?
Fluid overload - Answer-A pt receiving IV solutions begins appearing with distended
neck veins, hypertension, tachycardia, SOB, crackles in lungs, and edema what
complication is occurring?
- Slow IV rate or stop.
- raise HOB
- monitor VS & O2
- Adjust the rate after correcting fluid.
- anticipate administering diuretics - Answer-What is the treatment for fluid overload?
Phlebitis/thrombophlebitis - Answer-A pt with an IV appears edematous, erythema,
throbbing, burning, or pain at the site, increased skin temperature, red line, and slowed
infusion
are s/s of what IV complication?
,- promptly d/c the infusion and remove the catheter.
- elevate extremity
- apply a cold compress to minimize flow of blood, then warm to increase circulation.
- restart if needed.
- obtain a specimen for culture at site. - Answer-what treatments are there for
phlebitis/thrombophlebitis?
- Rotate sites at least every 72 hours according to facility policy.
- Monitory IV sites using phlebitis scale
- avoid lower extremities
- use hand hygiene
- use surgical aseptic technique. - Answer-What are some ways to prevent
thrombophlebitis?
Central nervous system stimulation - Answer-what type of medication would put a
patient at risk for seizures and precautions should be taken.
Central nervous system depression - Answer-what type of medication would require a
patient to do not drive, operate heavy machinery, or participate in other activities can be
dangerous.
Anticholinergic drugs - Answer-what type of medications will require clients to increase
fluids for their dry mouth, wear sunglasses for photophobia, maintaining urinary habits,
and avoid overheating.
Cardiovascular medications - Answer-What type of medications would make clients
monitor for indications of orthostatic hypotension (lightheadedness, dizziness).
- monitoring AST and ALT
- n/v
- jaundice
- dark urine
- abdominal discomfort
- anorexia
Primarily with acetaminophen. - Answer-A nurse should do what when giving
medications that can create hepatoxicity?
Primarily result of antimicrobial agents and NSAIDs.
- monitor creatinine and BUN
- peak and trough - Answer-What should the nurse monitor for drugs that cause
nephrotoxicity?
Nephrotoxicity - Answer-Acyclovir, ahminoglycosides, cyclosporine, NSAIDs,
amphotericin B are all medications that can cause what?
, Tyramine (cheese and processed meat) - Answer-Clients taking MAOIs should avoid
food with what in it?
Chelating agent in milk. Should not take tetracycline within 2 hr of consuming dairy
products. - Answer-Clients taking tetracycline can interact with what?
Benzodiazepines: Sedative Hypnotic Anxiolytics - Answer-What kind of car does -pam
drive?
Diazepam, Lorazempam, Chlordiazepoxide, Clonazepam.
Benzodiazepines - Answer-What class of medication inhibits effects of gamma-
aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the CNS. Short term use due to dependence potential.
- CNS depression
- anterograde amnesia
- toxicity - Answer-What are complications when dealing with Benzodiazepines?
Benzodiazepines - Answer-- administer flumazenil for to counteract sedation and
reverse adverse effects.
- monitor VS
- maintain patent airway
-maintain fluids for BP.
are nursing actions for what drug class?
Paradoxical response to benzodiazepines - Answer-- Insomnia
- excitation
- euphoria
- anxiety
- rage
are s/s of what response?
Withdrawal effects to benzodiazepines - Answer-- anxiety
- insomnia
- diaphoresis
- tremors
- lighteheadedness
- delirium
- HTN
- muscle twitching
- seizures
are s/s of what response?
- sleep apnea
REVIEW QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
- avoiding tourniquets, using BP cuff to visualize.
- no slapping
- hold their hand below the heart.
- avoid using the back of the hand
- avoid rigorous friction while cleaning site. - Answer-What are specific considerations
for adult clients, clients who are taking anticoagulants, and clients who have fragile
veins?
Infiltration - Answer-An IV that is pale, has local swelling, decreased skin temperature
around the site, damp dressing and slowed infusion is what complication?
- Stop the infusion and remove catheter
- elevate extremity
- encourage ROM
- apply a cold or warm compress depending on the solution infiltrated.
- check with the provider to determine whether they still need IV therapy. - Answer-What
is the treatment for infiltrated IV?
Extravasation (infiltration of vesicant) - Answer-An IV is painful, burning, red and
swelling what complication is occurring?
- Stop the infusion and notify the provider
- follow facility protocol. (withdrawing the vesicant solution from the IV access and
infusing an antidote through catheter before removal.
- repeated treatment for infiltration. - Answer-what is the treatment for extravasation?
Fluid overload - Answer-A pt receiving IV solutions begins appearing with distended
neck veins, hypertension, tachycardia, SOB, crackles in lungs, and edema what
complication is occurring?
- Slow IV rate or stop.
- raise HOB
- monitor VS & O2
- Adjust the rate after correcting fluid.
- anticipate administering diuretics - Answer-What is the treatment for fluid overload?
Phlebitis/thrombophlebitis - Answer-A pt with an IV appears edematous, erythema,
throbbing, burning, or pain at the site, increased skin temperature, red line, and slowed
infusion
are s/s of what IV complication?
,- promptly d/c the infusion and remove the catheter.
- elevate extremity
- apply a cold compress to minimize flow of blood, then warm to increase circulation.
- restart if needed.
- obtain a specimen for culture at site. - Answer-what treatments are there for
phlebitis/thrombophlebitis?
- Rotate sites at least every 72 hours according to facility policy.
- Monitory IV sites using phlebitis scale
- avoid lower extremities
- use hand hygiene
- use surgical aseptic technique. - Answer-What are some ways to prevent
thrombophlebitis?
Central nervous system stimulation - Answer-what type of medication would put a
patient at risk for seizures and precautions should be taken.
Central nervous system depression - Answer-what type of medication would require a
patient to do not drive, operate heavy machinery, or participate in other activities can be
dangerous.
Anticholinergic drugs - Answer-what type of medications will require clients to increase
fluids for their dry mouth, wear sunglasses for photophobia, maintaining urinary habits,
and avoid overheating.
Cardiovascular medications - Answer-What type of medications would make clients
monitor for indications of orthostatic hypotension (lightheadedness, dizziness).
- monitoring AST and ALT
- n/v
- jaundice
- dark urine
- abdominal discomfort
- anorexia
Primarily with acetaminophen. - Answer-A nurse should do what when giving
medications that can create hepatoxicity?
Primarily result of antimicrobial agents and NSAIDs.
- monitor creatinine and BUN
- peak and trough - Answer-What should the nurse monitor for drugs that cause
nephrotoxicity?
Nephrotoxicity - Answer-Acyclovir, ahminoglycosides, cyclosporine, NSAIDs,
amphotericin B are all medications that can cause what?
, Tyramine (cheese and processed meat) - Answer-Clients taking MAOIs should avoid
food with what in it?
Chelating agent in milk. Should not take tetracycline within 2 hr of consuming dairy
products. - Answer-Clients taking tetracycline can interact with what?
Benzodiazepines: Sedative Hypnotic Anxiolytics - Answer-What kind of car does -pam
drive?
Diazepam, Lorazempam, Chlordiazepoxide, Clonazepam.
Benzodiazepines - Answer-What class of medication inhibits effects of gamma-
aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the CNS. Short term use due to dependence potential.
- CNS depression
- anterograde amnesia
- toxicity - Answer-What are complications when dealing with Benzodiazepines?
Benzodiazepines - Answer-- administer flumazenil for to counteract sedation and
reverse adverse effects.
- monitor VS
- maintain patent airway
-maintain fluids for BP.
are nursing actions for what drug class?
Paradoxical response to benzodiazepines - Answer-- Insomnia
- excitation
- euphoria
- anxiety
- rage
are s/s of what response?
Withdrawal effects to benzodiazepines - Answer-- anxiety
- insomnia
- diaphoresis
- tremors
- lighteheadedness
- delirium
- HTN
- muscle twitching
- seizures
are s/s of what response?
- sleep apnea
