MICN Pretest Study Guide Questions And
Correct Answers
Define 3 Body Fluid Compartments - Answer 1. Extracellular - body fluid outside the
body's cell
2. Intracellular - body fluid inside the body's cell
3. Intravascular - body's fluid outside the body's cell and within the circulatory system.
Define Osmosis - Answer Movement of Fluid across semi-permeable membrane from
lesser solute to greater solute concentration. Dilutes concentrations back to
homeostasis
Define Diffusion - Answer Exchange of gases across a membrane
Describe Fluid Shift when administered IV: Isotonic, Hypertonic, Hypotonic - Answer 1.
Isotonic - no fluid shift due to same concentration of blood stream.
2. Hypertonic - fluid drawn into intravascular space from cells.
3. Hypotonic - fluid enters cell due to decreased osmotic pressure and decreased
concentration.
2 Requirements of cellular function - Answer Oxygen and Glucose
What electrolyte predominates intra-cellular - Answer Potassium
What electrolyte predominates extra-cellular - Answer Sodium
Electrolyte that moves out during depolarization - Answer Potassium, while sodium
, moves in via the "sodium potassium pump"
Anaerobic Metabolism and its end product - Answer cellular metabolism that occurs
WITHOUT oxygen, producing lactic acid
Aerobic Metabolism and its end product - Answer cellular metabolism that occurs WITH
oxygen, producing carbonic acid
4 electrolytes for normal body functioning - Answer 1. sodium - attracts water for
hydration
2. potassium - transmission of electrical impulse, too much or too little= dysrhythmias.
3. calcium - cardiac and skeletal muscle contractions, and nervous impulse
transmission
4. bicarbonate - buffers excess acids and is released by kidneys
Results of abnormal levels of potassium - Answer electrical instability and
DYSRHYTHMIAS
Define Stroke Volume - Answer amount of blood pumped by the heart in one contraction
Normal is 80ml
Cardiac Output-1. Volume of blood pumped by heart in one minute. Normal 5-6 Liter.
2. Stroke Volume x Heart Rate = Cardiac Output
Ventricular Diastole-RELAXATION of ventricles
Perfusion-Adequate blood supple to tissue and organ
Atrial Kick - ocurs at the end of systole, extra "kick" of blood into the ventricles. If lost in
a rapid a-fib or SVT, then a decrease in SV or CO by 30%.
Starlings Law - Over-stretching of the ventricles can worsen contractility like a worn out
Correct Answers
Define 3 Body Fluid Compartments - Answer 1. Extracellular - body fluid outside the
body's cell
2. Intracellular - body fluid inside the body's cell
3. Intravascular - body's fluid outside the body's cell and within the circulatory system.
Define Osmosis - Answer Movement of Fluid across semi-permeable membrane from
lesser solute to greater solute concentration. Dilutes concentrations back to
homeostasis
Define Diffusion - Answer Exchange of gases across a membrane
Describe Fluid Shift when administered IV: Isotonic, Hypertonic, Hypotonic - Answer 1.
Isotonic - no fluid shift due to same concentration of blood stream.
2. Hypertonic - fluid drawn into intravascular space from cells.
3. Hypotonic - fluid enters cell due to decreased osmotic pressure and decreased
concentration.
2 Requirements of cellular function - Answer Oxygen and Glucose
What electrolyte predominates intra-cellular - Answer Potassium
What electrolyte predominates extra-cellular - Answer Sodium
Electrolyte that moves out during depolarization - Answer Potassium, while sodium
, moves in via the "sodium potassium pump"
Anaerobic Metabolism and its end product - Answer cellular metabolism that occurs
WITHOUT oxygen, producing lactic acid
Aerobic Metabolism and its end product - Answer cellular metabolism that occurs WITH
oxygen, producing carbonic acid
4 electrolytes for normal body functioning - Answer 1. sodium - attracts water for
hydration
2. potassium - transmission of electrical impulse, too much or too little= dysrhythmias.
3. calcium - cardiac and skeletal muscle contractions, and nervous impulse
transmission
4. bicarbonate - buffers excess acids and is released by kidneys
Results of abnormal levels of potassium - Answer electrical instability and
DYSRHYTHMIAS
Define Stroke Volume - Answer amount of blood pumped by the heart in one contraction
Normal is 80ml
Cardiac Output-1. Volume of blood pumped by heart in one minute. Normal 5-6 Liter.
2. Stroke Volume x Heart Rate = Cardiac Output
Ventricular Diastole-RELAXATION of ventricles
Perfusion-Adequate blood supple to tissue and organ
Atrial Kick - ocurs at the end of systole, extra "kick" of blood into the ventricles. If lost in
a rapid a-fib or SVT, then a decrease in SV or CO by 30%.
Starlings Law - Over-stretching of the ventricles can worsen contractility like a worn out
