NS 161 Final Exam Review Study Guide Questions
and Answers.
Population Health - -can be viewed as a particularly important set of analytical strategies
and approaches that was first used in public health to describe, analyze, and mobilize
efforts to improve health in community-based populations and is now being used in
initiatives to improve outcomes of clinical populations
-The attainment of the greatest possible biologic, psychological, and social well-being of
the population as an entity of its individual members
Population Based Practice - Practice that focuses on entire populations, ground in
community assessment, considers all health determinants, emphasizes prevention, and
intervenes at multiple levels
Population/aggregate - -collection of individuals who have one or more personal or
environmental characteristics in common
--Members can be defined in terms of:
Geography (e.g. country, a group of countries or a state)
Special interest or circumstance (e.g. children attending a particular school)
Public Health - broad field of practice that is the backbone of the infrastructure supporting
the health of country, state, province, city, town, or community
Core Functions and Essential Services of Public Health - -Monitor health status to identify
and solve community health problems
-Diagnose and investigate health problems and health hazards in the community
-Inform, educate, and empower people about health issues
-Mobilize community partnerships and action to identify and solve health problems
-Develop policies and plans that support individual and community health efforts
-Enforce laws and regulations that protect health and ensure safety
-Link people to needed personal health services and assure the provision of health care
when otherwise unavailable
-Assure competent public and personal health care workforce
,-Evaluate effectiveness, accessibility, and quality of personal and population-based health
services
-Research for new insights and innovative solutions to health problems
Monitor health status to identify and solve community health problems - -Include SDOH
measures as basis for addressing community health problems and inequities
-Ensure community health assessments (CHA) include SDOH measures and engage
communities and multi-sectoral partners in CHA efforts
Diagnose and investigate health problems and health hazards in the community - -Include
community-level determinants of health in investigations, as well as policies and practices
that involve other sectors to support them. For example
--Ensure water sources meet required standards
--Ensure brownfield sites Identify hazardous waste that might contaminate a community
--Address deteriorating housing conditions to prevent lead poisoning and other hazards to
health
Inform, educate, and empower people about health issues - -Ensure outreach and
education efforts address social and structural determinants of health inequities
-Ensure access to culturally and linguistically appropriate approaches to community health
(e.g., REACH) to help address SDOH. Approaches should take into account such
challenges as structural racism and stigma against immigrants, both of which can
decrease likelihood of seeking needed health care.
Mobilize community partnerships and action to identify and solve health problems - -
Engage and collaborate with community members and non-traditional partners associated
with SDOHs, such as
--Housing authorities
--Law enforcement
--Schools
--Community organizations
Develop policies and plans that support individual and community health efforts - -
Leverage evidence-based policies in non-health sectors that affect SDOH and health
outcomes, such as
, --Safe and affordable housing that can reduce risk for asthma, lead poisoning,
homelessness
--Full-day kindergarten that can reduce adverse health prospects such as teenage
pregnancy
-Develop and implement state/community health improvement plans that include and
address the SDOH in collaboration with community partners
Enforce laws and regulations that protect health and ensure safety - -Develop strategies to
ensure enforcement of existing regulations and laws that affect health, such as
--Housing and health codes to prevent childhood lead poisoning.
--Batterer intervention program laws to prevent violence against women and children
Link people to needed personal health services and assure the provision of health care
when otherwise unavailable - -Educate community members about their eligibility for and
access to entitlement programs
--Medicaid, including its medical, mental health, and housing benefits
--TANF
--SNAP
-Ensure that essential health benefits and the free preventive services provisions of the
Affordable Care Act are correctly and equitably implemented
Assure competent public and personal health care workforce - -Support staff training and
development efforts that help workforce incorporate social determinants of health inequity
into their job responsibilities
-Promote hiring of workforce that reflects population being served
Evaluate effectiveness, accessibility, and quality of personal and population-based health
services - -Ensure evaluation and research designs include interventions that address
SDOH inequity
-Use performance management and quality improvement methods to explore and address
more effectively the root causes of issues, which often include SDOH
Research for new insights and innovative solutions to health problems - -Expand research
agendas to include SDOH and related health outcomes, especially in evaluation of natural
experiments where a project is already addressing SDOH but is not studying health effects
(e.g., implementation of the Essentials for Childhood Framework)
and Answers.
Population Health - -can be viewed as a particularly important set of analytical strategies
and approaches that was first used in public health to describe, analyze, and mobilize
efforts to improve health in community-based populations and is now being used in
initiatives to improve outcomes of clinical populations
-The attainment of the greatest possible biologic, psychological, and social well-being of
the population as an entity of its individual members
Population Based Practice - Practice that focuses on entire populations, ground in
community assessment, considers all health determinants, emphasizes prevention, and
intervenes at multiple levels
Population/aggregate - -collection of individuals who have one or more personal or
environmental characteristics in common
--Members can be defined in terms of:
Geography (e.g. country, a group of countries or a state)
Special interest or circumstance (e.g. children attending a particular school)
Public Health - broad field of practice that is the backbone of the infrastructure supporting
the health of country, state, province, city, town, or community
Core Functions and Essential Services of Public Health - -Monitor health status to identify
and solve community health problems
-Diagnose and investigate health problems and health hazards in the community
-Inform, educate, and empower people about health issues
-Mobilize community partnerships and action to identify and solve health problems
-Develop policies and plans that support individual and community health efforts
-Enforce laws and regulations that protect health and ensure safety
-Link people to needed personal health services and assure the provision of health care
when otherwise unavailable
-Assure competent public and personal health care workforce
,-Evaluate effectiveness, accessibility, and quality of personal and population-based health
services
-Research for new insights and innovative solutions to health problems
Monitor health status to identify and solve community health problems - -Include SDOH
measures as basis for addressing community health problems and inequities
-Ensure community health assessments (CHA) include SDOH measures and engage
communities and multi-sectoral partners in CHA efforts
Diagnose and investigate health problems and health hazards in the community - -Include
community-level determinants of health in investigations, as well as policies and practices
that involve other sectors to support them. For example
--Ensure water sources meet required standards
--Ensure brownfield sites Identify hazardous waste that might contaminate a community
--Address deteriorating housing conditions to prevent lead poisoning and other hazards to
health
Inform, educate, and empower people about health issues - -Ensure outreach and
education efforts address social and structural determinants of health inequities
-Ensure access to culturally and linguistically appropriate approaches to community health
(e.g., REACH) to help address SDOH. Approaches should take into account such
challenges as structural racism and stigma against immigrants, both of which can
decrease likelihood of seeking needed health care.
Mobilize community partnerships and action to identify and solve health problems - -
Engage and collaborate with community members and non-traditional partners associated
with SDOHs, such as
--Housing authorities
--Law enforcement
--Schools
--Community organizations
Develop policies and plans that support individual and community health efforts - -
Leverage evidence-based policies in non-health sectors that affect SDOH and health
outcomes, such as
, --Safe and affordable housing that can reduce risk for asthma, lead poisoning,
homelessness
--Full-day kindergarten that can reduce adverse health prospects such as teenage
pregnancy
-Develop and implement state/community health improvement plans that include and
address the SDOH in collaboration with community partners
Enforce laws and regulations that protect health and ensure safety - -Develop strategies to
ensure enforcement of existing regulations and laws that affect health, such as
--Housing and health codes to prevent childhood lead poisoning.
--Batterer intervention program laws to prevent violence against women and children
Link people to needed personal health services and assure the provision of health care
when otherwise unavailable - -Educate community members about their eligibility for and
access to entitlement programs
--Medicaid, including its medical, mental health, and housing benefits
--TANF
--SNAP
-Ensure that essential health benefits and the free preventive services provisions of the
Affordable Care Act are correctly and equitably implemented
Assure competent public and personal health care workforce - -Support staff training and
development efforts that help workforce incorporate social determinants of health inequity
into their job responsibilities
-Promote hiring of workforce that reflects population being served
Evaluate effectiveness, accessibility, and quality of personal and population-based health
services - -Ensure evaluation and research designs include interventions that address
SDOH inequity
-Use performance management and quality improvement methods to explore and address
more effectively the root causes of issues, which often include SDOH
Research for new insights and innovative solutions to health problems - -Expand research
agendas to include SDOH and related health outcomes, especially in evaluation of natural
experiments where a project is already addressing SDOH but is not studying health effects
(e.g., implementation of the Essentials for Childhood Framework)
