HNF 250 QUIZ 2 QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT ANSWERS 2024-2025
UPDATE
Why is setting UL difficult? - Answer- - unethical to dose people with knowingly high
levels of nutrients to evaluate toxic impact
- some are based on case reports on accidental overdose
- DRI development usually uses no-observed adverse effect level, low observed
adverse effect level, uncertainty factor
Chronic Disease Risk Reduction (CDRR) - Answer- - CDRR set for sodium (Na) in 2019
- establishes lowest level of intake for a nutrient that evidence suggests may reduce risk
in developing chronic disease
- prevents healthy populations from developing increasingly chronic diseases
- intake of sodium below CDRR has strong evidence to lower risk of blood pressure and
moderative evidence to lower risk of hypertension and CVD
Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) - Answer- - the acceptable range
for intake of an energy-providing macronutrient intended to ensure good health and
reduce chronic disease risk)
- expressed as % of energy (Calories)
- 45-65% CHO
- 20-35% Fats
- 10-35% protein
Estimated Energy Requirments - Answer- estimated energy (caloric) intake to maintain
energy balance in a healthy adult for each life-stage group (Formula based on age,
height, weight, sex, physical activity and life stage group)
- can be used to plan diets that fall within a caloric goal
How are reference values set? - Answer- using indicators such as clinical, nutrient
balance studies, biochemical measures, functional measures, risks (selected on basis
of ensuring good nutrition)
Organization Scheme - Answer- outcome identification, dose-response specification,
intake assessment, implications and risk characterization
Outcome identification - Answer- literature review to identify potential health outcomes
or biomarkers as the basis for DRIs
, Dose-response specification - Answer- outline the dose-response relationship based on
the available data; establish reference values
Intake assessment - Answer- compare DRIs to real world intake and identify potential
concerns
Implications and risk characterization - Answer- characterizes the overall risk
assessment, highlighting key challenges and uncertainties, caveats for use of the
values, special populations at risk and next steps for improved assessments in the
future
Literature Review and evaluation - Answer- - studies arrayed in a summary fashion
- rated on quality
- integrated: computer aided new analytical techniques
- committees look at key studies in details
- draw the curve and set the DRIs
In 1994: - Answer- expanded RDA to DRIs and RDA is now a part of DRI's
Why were DRIs developed? - Answer- to address the population-oriented tasks, such
as planning for large-scale food supplies and food programs
- multivitamin based on RDA
Limitation of DRIs - Answer- they do not address dietary patterns but instead assess
individual nutrients
Identify various models in which a dietary supplement may produce negative side
effects - Answer- - contaminated supplements
- the ingredients themselves
- interactions with drugs
List credible sources for dietary supplement info available to the general public -
Answer- - Office of Dietary Supplements
- National Library of Medcine
- National Center for Complementary and Integrative Medicine
- Other organizations
Identify potential mechanisms and summarize the evidence for the use of fish oil
supplementation and reduced CVD risk - Answer- - the research suggests that fish oil
on its own will not reduce CVD risk, but fish oil dietary supplement sales continue to
increase
Identify what constitutes a dietary supplement and functional foods - Answer- - Dietary
supplements: contain one or more dietary ingredients: vitamins, minerals, herbs,
phytochemicals, enzymes, AA, some type of carbohydrates, etc (pills, tablets, capsules,
CORRECT ANSWERS 2024-2025
UPDATE
Why is setting UL difficult? - Answer- - unethical to dose people with knowingly high
levels of nutrients to evaluate toxic impact
- some are based on case reports on accidental overdose
- DRI development usually uses no-observed adverse effect level, low observed
adverse effect level, uncertainty factor
Chronic Disease Risk Reduction (CDRR) - Answer- - CDRR set for sodium (Na) in 2019
- establishes lowest level of intake for a nutrient that evidence suggests may reduce risk
in developing chronic disease
- prevents healthy populations from developing increasingly chronic diseases
- intake of sodium below CDRR has strong evidence to lower risk of blood pressure and
moderative evidence to lower risk of hypertension and CVD
Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) - Answer- - the acceptable range
for intake of an energy-providing macronutrient intended to ensure good health and
reduce chronic disease risk)
- expressed as % of energy (Calories)
- 45-65% CHO
- 20-35% Fats
- 10-35% protein
Estimated Energy Requirments - Answer- estimated energy (caloric) intake to maintain
energy balance in a healthy adult for each life-stage group (Formula based on age,
height, weight, sex, physical activity and life stage group)
- can be used to plan diets that fall within a caloric goal
How are reference values set? - Answer- using indicators such as clinical, nutrient
balance studies, biochemical measures, functional measures, risks (selected on basis
of ensuring good nutrition)
Organization Scheme - Answer- outcome identification, dose-response specification,
intake assessment, implications and risk characterization
Outcome identification - Answer- literature review to identify potential health outcomes
or biomarkers as the basis for DRIs
, Dose-response specification - Answer- outline the dose-response relationship based on
the available data; establish reference values
Intake assessment - Answer- compare DRIs to real world intake and identify potential
concerns
Implications and risk characterization - Answer- characterizes the overall risk
assessment, highlighting key challenges and uncertainties, caveats for use of the
values, special populations at risk and next steps for improved assessments in the
future
Literature Review and evaluation - Answer- - studies arrayed in a summary fashion
- rated on quality
- integrated: computer aided new analytical techniques
- committees look at key studies in details
- draw the curve and set the DRIs
In 1994: - Answer- expanded RDA to DRIs and RDA is now a part of DRI's
Why were DRIs developed? - Answer- to address the population-oriented tasks, such
as planning for large-scale food supplies and food programs
- multivitamin based on RDA
Limitation of DRIs - Answer- they do not address dietary patterns but instead assess
individual nutrients
Identify various models in which a dietary supplement may produce negative side
effects - Answer- - contaminated supplements
- the ingredients themselves
- interactions with drugs
List credible sources for dietary supplement info available to the general public -
Answer- - Office of Dietary Supplements
- National Library of Medcine
- National Center for Complementary and Integrative Medicine
- Other organizations
Identify potential mechanisms and summarize the evidence for the use of fish oil
supplementation and reduced CVD risk - Answer- - the research suggests that fish oil
on its own will not reduce CVD risk, but fish oil dietary supplement sales continue to
increase
Identify what constitutes a dietary supplement and functional foods - Answer- - Dietary
supplements: contain one or more dietary ingredients: vitamins, minerals, herbs,
phytochemicals, enzymes, AA, some type of carbohydrates, etc (pills, tablets, capsules,
