VCU DPT Exercise Phys Exam 1
What is the biggest limitation with Nagi's Disablement Model? - ✔️✔️Does not classify
what healthy is - how do you know who is healthy
Verbrugge 1994 Revised Nagi's Model - ✔️✔️Instead of being diseased focused, this
model looks into extra factors
These factors include pre-existing risk factors, intra-individual factors, and extra-
individual factors
How does health differ from fitness? - ✔️✔️Health is not just related to physical well
being or the absence of disease or impairment
- Includes emotional, spiritual, and intellectual well being
4 stages of Nagi's Disablement Concept - ✔️✔️1. Pathology
2. Impairment
3. Functional Limitation
4. Disability
*These are linked together
Pathology in Nagi's Disablement Concept - ✔️✔️Abnormal function or structures at a
cellular level
Impairment in Nagi's Disablement Concept - ✔️✔️Abnormalities of organs or body
systems
Functional Limitation in Nagi's Disablement Concept - ✔️✔️Limitation in performance
of the whole organism or person
Disability in Nagi's Disablement Concept - ✔️✔️Limitation in defined sociocultural roles
and tasks
Definition of fitness - ✔️✔️A set of attributes or characteristics that related to the ability
to perform an activity
Pathophysiology (Nagi's Disablement Concept) Level of disablement: - ✔️✔️cellular
Impairment (Nagi's Disablement Concept) Level of disablement: - ✔️✔️body system
Functional limitations (Nagi's Disablement Concept) Level of disablement: - ✔️✔️whole
person
,Disability (Nagi's Disablement Concept) Level of disablement: - ✔️✔️person's relation
to society
Societal Limitation (Nagi's Disablement Concept) Level of disablement: - ✔️✔️barriers
Posterior-superior labral injury -Nagi's Disablement Concept Example -
✔️✔️pathophysiology
Decreased strength - Nagi's Disablement Concept Example - ✔️✔️impairment
Inability to throw at >75% maximal effort - Nagi's Disablement Concept Example -
✔️✔️functional limiations
Inability to fill role as starting pitcher - Nagi's Disablement Concept Example -
✔️✔️disability
Loss of athletic scholarship - Nagi's Disablement Concept Example - ✔️✔️societal
limitations
What are the other factors that the Revised Nagi's model looks at? - ✔️✔️pre-existing
risk factors, intra-individual factors, and extra-individual factors
International Classification of Function Disability and Health (ICF) defines levels of
human function as... - ✔️✔️-level of body or body part
-whole person
-whole person in their complete environment
International Classification of Function Disability and Health (ICF) - ✔️✔️This is the
model that is APTA endorses
- Defines levels of human function based on the amount of the body affected (ie just one
part of the body or the whole person or the while person in their completel environment)
- Allows for their to be a disability to be present at any level
Capacity Definition - ✔️✔️The highest probable level of function in a 'standardized'
environment
Nagi = pathology, WHO ICF = - ✔️✔️health condition
Nagi = impariment, WHO ICF = - ✔️✔️body function and structures
Nagi = functional limiation, WHO ICF = - ✔️✔️activities
Nagi = disability, WHO ICF = - ✔️✔️participation
,Why is the WHO ICF model superior over the Nagi model? - ✔️✔️you can use the
model for people who are not disabled
Performance Definition - ✔️✔️The highest level of function in the current environment
Environmental Facilitators/Enablers - ✔️✔️These help people perform better because
with them performance>capacity
Environmental barriers - ✔️✔️These limit people in their performance because
capacity>performance
PTs and Body Function and Structures - ✔️✔️-primary focus
-many of the basic assessment measure at this level
Examples of physical activities - ✔️✔️-lifting
-standing
-walking
-sitting
etc
Examples of non-physical activities - ✔️✔️-pain
-communication
-mental well being
Examples of participation - ✔️✔️-household management
-vocational (school, job)
-avocational/recreational roles
-social activities
PTs and participation - ✔️✔️-PT treatment can have big impact on preventing or
alleviating disabilities
-PTs have focused very heavily on basic ADLs but can have a much broader impact on
other areas of disability
Types of Contextual Factors - ✔️✔️environmental factors and personal factors
Environmental Factors - ✔️✔️physical, social, and attitudinal environment in which
people live and conduct their lives
Examples of environmental factors - ✔️✔️-products and technology
-natural environment and human-made changes to the environment
-support and relationships
-attitudes
-services
, -systems
-policies
Personal factors - ✔️✔️something about the individual Not part of a health condition or
health states
Personal factor examples - ✔️✔️-sex
-race
-age
-health condition
-fitness
etc
What are the basic assessments that PTs use to measure body function and
structures? - ✔️✔️-goniometric measurement for ROM
-MMT for strength
-Ashworth scale for resistance to passive movement
What is the benefit of the ICF model over Nagi's model? - ✔️✔️ICF model allows us to
apply the model to healthy people in order to prevent injuries and diseases
Disease model - ✔️✔️traditional and emphasis is on treating the diagnosis
What is the issue with disease model - ✔️✔️lacks the ability to look at and see outside
the actual injury/disease
Disability Prevention Model - ✔️✔️This is how we look at medicine these day s
The goal is to prevent, minimize or arrest the 'inevitable' progression towards poor
health
There is an emphasis on interventions that will impact function
Primary Prevention - ✔️✔️Intervention to prevent the initiation of a disease process -
occurs before disease is diagnosed
*People receiving this intervention are currently healthy
What are examples of primary prevention - ✔️✔️-Immunization
-Child car seat
-Nutrition and fitness
-Health education in schools
Secondary Prevention - ✔️✔️Intervention to arrest the development of a disease when
the patient is asymptomatic
* Patient has received a diagnosis but does not show symptoms
What is the biggest limitation with Nagi's Disablement Model? - ✔️✔️Does not classify
what healthy is - how do you know who is healthy
Verbrugge 1994 Revised Nagi's Model - ✔️✔️Instead of being diseased focused, this
model looks into extra factors
These factors include pre-existing risk factors, intra-individual factors, and extra-
individual factors
How does health differ from fitness? - ✔️✔️Health is not just related to physical well
being or the absence of disease or impairment
- Includes emotional, spiritual, and intellectual well being
4 stages of Nagi's Disablement Concept - ✔️✔️1. Pathology
2. Impairment
3. Functional Limitation
4. Disability
*These are linked together
Pathology in Nagi's Disablement Concept - ✔️✔️Abnormal function or structures at a
cellular level
Impairment in Nagi's Disablement Concept - ✔️✔️Abnormalities of organs or body
systems
Functional Limitation in Nagi's Disablement Concept - ✔️✔️Limitation in performance
of the whole organism or person
Disability in Nagi's Disablement Concept - ✔️✔️Limitation in defined sociocultural roles
and tasks
Definition of fitness - ✔️✔️A set of attributes or characteristics that related to the ability
to perform an activity
Pathophysiology (Nagi's Disablement Concept) Level of disablement: - ✔️✔️cellular
Impairment (Nagi's Disablement Concept) Level of disablement: - ✔️✔️body system
Functional limitations (Nagi's Disablement Concept) Level of disablement: - ✔️✔️whole
person
,Disability (Nagi's Disablement Concept) Level of disablement: - ✔️✔️person's relation
to society
Societal Limitation (Nagi's Disablement Concept) Level of disablement: - ✔️✔️barriers
Posterior-superior labral injury -Nagi's Disablement Concept Example -
✔️✔️pathophysiology
Decreased strength - Nagi's Disablement Concept Example - ✔️✔️impairment
Inability to throw at >75% maximal effort - Nagi's Disablement Concept Example -
✔️✔️functional limiations
Inability to fill role as starting pitcher - Nagi's Disablement Concept Example -
✔️✔️disability
Loss of athletic scholarship - Nagi's Disablement Concept Example - ✔️✔️societal
limitations
What are the other factors that the Revised Nagi's model looks at? - ✔️✔️pre-existing
risk factors, intra-individual factors, and extra-individual factors
International Classification of Function Disability and Health (ICF) defines levels of
human function as... - ✔️✔️-level of body or body part
-whole person
-whole person in their complete environment
International Classification of Function Disability and Health (ICF) - ✔️✔️This is the
model that is APTA endorses
- Defines levels of human function based on the amount of the body affected (ie just one
part of the body or the whole person or the while person in their completel environment)
- Allows for their to be a disability to be present at any level
Capacity Definition - ✔️✔️The highest probable level of function in a 'standardized'
environment
Nagi = pathology, WHO ICF = - ✔️✔️health condition
Nagi = impariment, WHO ICF = - ✔️✔️body function and structures
Nagi = functional limiation, WHO ICF = - ✔️✔️activities
Nagi = disability, WHO ICF = - ✔️✔️participation
,Why is the WHO ICF model superior over the Nagi model? - ✔️✔️you can use the
model for people who are not disabled
Performance Definition - ✔️✔️The highest level of function in the current environment
Environmental Facilitators/Enablers - ✔️✔️These help people perform better because
with them performance>capacity
Environmental barriers - ✔️✔️These limit people in their performance because
capacity>performance
PTs and Body Function and Structures - ✔️✔️-primary focus
-many of the basic assessment measure at this level
Examples of physical activities - ✔️✔️-lifting
-standing
-walking
-sitting
etc
Examples of non-physical activities - ✔️✔️-pain
-communication
-mental well being
Examples of participation - ✔️✔️-household management
-vocational (school, job)
-avocational/recreational roles
-social activities
PTs and participation - ✔️✔️-PT treatment can have big impact on preventing or
alleviating disabilities
-PTs have focused very heavily on basic ADLs but can have a much broader impact on
other areas of disability
Types of Contextual Factors - ✔️✔️environmental factors and personal factors
Environmental Factors - ✔️✔️physical, social, and attitudinal environment in which
people live and conduct their lives
Examples of environmental factors - ✔️✔️-products and technology
-natural environment and human-made changes to the environment
-support and relationships
-attitudes
-services
, -systems
-policies
Personal factors - ✔️✔️something about the individual Not part of a health condition or
health states
Personal factor examples - ✔️✔️-sex
-race
-age
-health condition
-fitness
etc
What are the basic assessments that PTs use to measure body function and
structures? - ✔️✔️-goniometric measurement for ROM
-MMT for strength
-Ashworth scale for resistance to passive movement
What is the benefit of the ICF model over Nagi's model? - ✔️✔️ICF model allows us to
apply the model to healthy people in order to prevent injuries and diseases
Disease model - ✔️✔️traditional and emphasis is on treating the diagnosis
What is the issue with disease model - ✔️✔️lacks the ability to look at and see outside
the actual injury/disease
Disability Prevention Model - ✔️✔️This is how we look at medicine these day s
The goal is to prevent, minimize or arrest the 'inevitable' progression towards poor
health
There is an emphasis on interventions that will impact function
Primary Prevention - ✔️✔️Intervention to prevent the initiation of a disease process -
occurs before disease is diagnosed
*People receiving this intervention are currently healthy
What are examples of primary prevention - ✔️✔️-Immunization
-Child car seat
-Nutrition and fitness
-Health education in schools
Secondary Prevention - ✔️✔️Intervention to arrest the development of a disease when
the patient is asymptomatic
* Patient has received a diagnosis but does not show symptoms
