Bio 151 VCU test #1
Tertiary Structure - ✔️✔️3 dimesional shape of a protein will have a single polypeptide
chain "backbone" with one or more protein secondary structures disulfide bridges
Carboxyl group -COOH - ✔️✔️found on organic acids like amino acids and nucleic
acids.
Polar group due to polar covalency between O and H and O and C
readily ionizes in water to release H-
atomic mass - ✔️✔️number of protons and neutrons in an atom
orbital - ✔️✔️the space where an electron orbits an atom's nucleus
Isotope - ✔️✔️atoms of an element that have a different number of neutrons
Ionic bond - ✔️✔️atoms held together by electrostatic attraction. Attraction of oposite
ions
cation - ✔️✔️atoms that lose an electron
anion GAIN=AIN - ✔️✔️atom that gained an electron
covalent bonding - ✔️✔️chemical bond formed between 2 atoms by the sharing of an
electron
very strong
hydrogen bonding - ✔️✔️covalent bond between 2 hydrogen atoms
chemical equillibrium - ✔️✔️most chemical reactions are reversible
what is the charge of an atoms core? - ✔️✔️positive
equilibrium - ✔️✔️concentrations of reactants and products are no longer changing
cohesion COFRIEND=LIKE - ✔️✔️the attraction of like molecules
adhesion - ✔️✔️the attraction of dissimilar molecules
acid - ✔️✔️chemical compounds that donates H+ ions to solutions
below 7 on the scale
,base - ✔️✔️compound that accepts H+ ions and removes them from a solution
above 7
Isomers - ✔️✔️compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures
Hydroxyl group R-OH - ✔️✔️containing an oxygen atom connected by a covalent bond
to a hydrogen atom
found on amino acids and nucleic acids
typical of alcohols and carbohydrates
Amino group - ✔️✔️in chemistry, functional group that consists of a nitrogen atom
attached by single bonds to hydrogen atoms
polar group due to polar covalency between N and H's
basic group found on amino acids and nucleic acids
Phosphate group - ✔️✔️found on nucleoside phosphates like ATP, GTP, etc. and on
nucleic acids which are made from nucleoside phosphates
very polar.
Transfers energy between organic molecules
Monomers - ✔️✔️small organic molecules
monosachharide,amino acids, fatty acids, nucleotides
Dehydration reaction - ✔️✔️removal of water to form bonds
polymers - ✔️✔️many monomers bonded together
form large organic molecules
carbohydrates - ✔️✔️sugars
disaccharides - ✔️✔️composed of two monosaccharides product of condensation of
Hexoses
polysaccharids - ✔️✔️polymers of thousands of monosaccharides.
long term energy storage
glycogen - ✔️✔️multi branched polysachharide of glucose. short term storage in
animals
Lipids - ✔️✔️Fats, steroids
, fatty acids - ✔️✔️long chain hydrocarbons terminating in a carboxyl group
saturated fats - ✔️✔️fat molecules with all single bonds between carbon molecules
solid at room temps
unsaturated fats - ✔️✔️1 or more double bonds between C's
liquid at room temp
phospholipids - ✔️✔️glycerol + 2 fatty acids + phosphate group
Proteins - ✔️✔️monomers; all amino acids are ____
chains of amino acids - ✔️✔️polypeptides
What decides the property of an amino acid? - ✔️✔️The side chain 'R' group
How many amino acids are there? - ✔️✔️there are 20 different amino acids
TRUE - ✔️✔️amino acids with hydrophobic side chains are most often found buried in
the interior of folder proteins? T or F
Primary Structure - ✔️✔️the amino acid sequence from amino end to carboxyl end of
the molecule
result of peptide bonds
linear shape
Secondary Structure - ✔️✔️INTERACTIONS OF NEARBY AMINO ACIDS
H- bonding between the C=O and N-H of different peptide bonds:
general three-dimensional form of local segments of biopolymers such as proteins and
nucleic acids (DNA/RNA)
Structural proteins - ✔️✔️function in support
ex/ Keratin/Callogen
Storage Proteins - ✔️✔️functions in storage of amino acids
ex/ Casein/Ovalbumin
Tertiary Structure - ✔️✔️3 dimesional shape of a protein will have a single polypeptide
chain "backbone" with one or more protein secondary structures disulfide bridges
Carboxyl group -COOH - ✔️✔️found on organic acids like amino acids and nucleic
acids.
Polar group due to polar covalency between O and H and O and C
readily ionizes in water to release H-
atomic mass - ✔️✔️number of protons and neutrons in an atom
orbital - ✔️✔️the space where an electron orbits an atom's nucleus
Isotope - ✔️✔️atoms of an element that have a different number of neutrons
Ionic bond - ✔️✔️atoms held together by electrostatic attraction. Attraction of oposite
ions
cation - ✔️✔️atoms that lose an electron
anion GAIN=AIN - ✔️✔️atom that gained an electron
covalent bonding - ✔️✔️chemical bond formed between 2 atoms by the sharing of an
electron
very strong
hydrogen bonding - ✔️✔️covalent bond between 2 hydrogen atoms
chemical equillibrium - ✔️✔️most chemical reactions are reversible
what is the charge of an atoms core? - ✔️✔️positive
equilibrium - ✔️✔️concentrations of reactants and products are no longer changing
cohesion COFRIEND=LIKE - ✔️✔️the attraction of like molecules
adhesion - ✔️✔️the attraction of dissimilar molecules
acid - ✔️✔️chemical compounds that donates H+ ions to solutions
below 7 on the scale
,base - ✔️✔️compound that accepts H+ ions and removes them from a solution
above 7
Isomers - ✔️✔️compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures
Hydroxyl group R-OH - ✔️✔️containing an oxygen atom connected by a covalent bond
to a hydrogen atom
found on amino acids and nucleic acids
typical of alcohols and carbohydrates
Amino group - ✔️✔️in chemistry, functional group that consists of a nitrogen atom
attached by single bonds to hydrogen atoms
polar group due to polar covalency between N and H's
basic group found on amino acids and nucleic acids
Phosphate group - ✔️✔️found on nucleoside phosphates like ATP, GTP, etc. and on
nucleic acids which are made from nucleoside phosphates
very polar.
Transfers energy between organic molecules
Monomers - ✔️✔️small organic molecules
monosachharide,amino acids, fatty acids, nucleotides
Dehydration reaction - ✔️✔️removal of water to form bonds
polymers - ✔️✔️many monomers bonded together
form large organic molecules
carbohydrates - ✔️✔️sugars
disaccharides - ✔️✔️composed of two monosaccharides product of condensation of
Hexoses
polysaccharids - ✔️✔️polymers of thousands of monosaccharides.
long term energy storage
glycogen - ✔️✔️multi branched polysachharide of glucose. short term storage in
animals
Lipids - ✔️✔️Fats, steroids
, fatty acids - ✔️✔️long chain hydrocarbons terminating in a carboxyl group
saturated fats - ✔️✔️fat molecules with all single bonds between carbon molecules
solid at room temps
unsaturated fats - ✔️✔️1 or more double bonds between C's
liquid at room temp
phospholipids - ✔️✔️glycerol + 2 fatty acids + phosphate group
Proteins - ✔️✔️monomers; all amino acids are ____
chains of amino acids - ✔️✔️polypeptides
What decides the property of an amino acid? - ✔️✔️The side chain 'R' group
How many amino acids are there? - ✔️✔️there are 20 different amino acids
TRUE - ✔️✔️amino acids with hydrophobic side chains are most often found buried in
the interior of folder proteins? T or F
Primary Structure - ✔️✔️the amino acid sequence from amino end to carboxyl end of
the molecule
result of peptide bonds
linear shape
Secondary Structure - ✔️✔️INTERACTIONS OF NEARBY AMINO ACIDS
H- bonding between the C=O and N-H of different peptide bonds:
general three-dimensional form of local segments of biopolymers such as proteins and
nucleic acids (DNA/RNA)
Structural proteins - ✔️✔️function in support
ex/ Keratin/Callogen
Storage Proteins - ✔️✔️functions in storage of amino acids
ex/ Casein/Ovalbumin
