Advanced Pathophysiology 530 - Exam 3, Advanced Pathophysiology Exam 3, NSG 530 Exam 3 Questions & Answers

A patient is diagnosed with a kidney stone that is composed of magnesium, ammonium, and phosphate. What type of urinary calculus is this? A) Calcium B) Struvite C) Uric acid D) Indinavir - ANSWERSB) Struvite A patient has uncontrolled or premature contractions of the detrusor muscle. Which condition is associated with this medical problem? A) Spinal cord injury B) Immune system dysfunction C) Congestive heart failure D) Renal carcinoma - ANSWERSA) Spinal cord injury Which statement regarding renal cell carcinoma is correct? A) It is associated with p53. B) Symptoms include painless hematuria. C) Early stages produce a large abdominal mass. D) Granular cell tumors have better prognosis. - ANSWERSB) Symptoms include painless hematuria. A patient who reports abdominal and back pain has been diagnosed with bacteria in the urine. What is the appropriate term for involvement of the upper urinary tract that is likely to cause such symptoms? A) Cystitis B) Pyelonephritis C) Urinary tract infection D) Asymptomatic bacteriuria - ANSWERSB) Pyelonephritis With which bacteria is acute glomerulonephritis associated? A) Escherichia coli B) Staphylococcus C) Group A Streptococcus D) Klebsiella - ANSWERSC) Group A Streptococcus A diabetic child with 4.0 g of protein in her urine each day is experiencing edema and vitamin D deficiency. Which is the most likely diagnosis? A) Nephritic syndrome B) Nephrotic syndrome C) Acute renal failure D) Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis - ANSWERSNephrotic syndrome A 2-month-old male patient presents with the urethral opening on the dorsal surface of the penis. Which term is the correct name for this anomaly? A) Hypospadias B) Epispadias C) Exstrophy D) Ureteropelvic junction - ANSWERSEpispadias A patient presents with wide-set eyes, "parrot beak" nose, low-set ears, and receding chin. What is the renal manifestation associated with this presentation? A) Potter syndrome B) Polycystic kidney disease C) Infundibular stenosis D) Megacalycosis - ANSWERSPotter syndrome A 6-year-old has just recovered from streptococcal pharyngitis. Which statement regarding this child's acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis is true? A) Antibody-antigen complexes of IgM, IgG, and IgA are deposited. B) The exact mechanism of immune complexes is unknown. C) There is decreased vascular permeability. D) No signs of inflammation are present. - ANSWERSThe exact mechanism of immune complexes is unknown. A patient presents with skin lesions as well as hematuria, proteinuria, and abdominal pain. Which is the most likely cause of these symptoms? A) Henoch-Schonlein purpura B) Hemolytic uremic syndrome C) Primary nephrotic syndrome D) Minimal change nephropathy - ANSWERSHenoch-Schonlein purpura What is the cause of minimal change nephropathy? A) Fusion of the glomerular foot processes B) Verotoxin of E. coli C) IgA deposition D) Inflammation of the glomeruli - ANSWERSFusion of the glomerular foot processes A child whose kidneys are enlarged presents with chills, fever, and abdominal pain. The most likely diagnosis is: A) acute pyelonephritis. B) vesicoureteral reflux. C) urinary tract infection. D) enuresis. - ANSWERSacute pyelonephritis What are the major causes of bladder outlet obstruction? A) Urethral valves and polyps B) Kidney stones and Wilms' tumor C) Kidney stones and warts D) Urethral valves and warts - ANSWERSUrethral valves and polyps Which conditions are complications of a horseshoe kidney? (select all that apply) A) Hydronephrosis B) Hypospadias C) Infection D) Stone formation E) Enuresis - ANSWERSHydronephrosis Infection Stone formation The development of which characteristic is the first sign of puberty in females? A) Menarche B) Pubic hair C) Thelarche D) Dysmenorrhea - ANSWERSThelarche Which term describes painful menstruation associated with the release of prostaglandins in ovulatory cycles? A) Primary dysmenorrhea B) Primary amenorrhea C) Secondary dysmenorrhea D) Secondary amenorrhea - ANSWERSPrimary dysmenorrhea Which condition must be ruled out when identifying the cause of secondary amenorrhea? A) Abnormal thyroid function B) Irregular prolactin production C) Pituitary gland dysfunction D) Unknown pregnancy - ANSWERSUnknown pregnancy A 24-year-old female presents with severe abdominal pain and fever that is believed to be a result of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) stemming from a Chlamydia trachomatis infection. Which question will most likely identify the cause of her symptoms? A) "Is your abdominal pain affected by walking?" B) "Have you been experiencing nausea and vomiting as well?" C) "Is constipation a problem for you?" D) "Would you describe your pain as being stabbing?" - ANSWERSIs your abdominal pain affected by walking? A patient presents with an inflammation of one of the ducts that lead from the introitus. What is the appropriate term for this condition? A) Vaginitis B) Cervicitis C) Bartholinitis D) Vulvovestibulitis - ANSWERSBartholinitis A patient has been diagnosed with a moderately large cystocele. What information would the nurse include in the client's teaching plan? A) Isometric exercises will help strengthen the pubococcygeal muscles. B) The symptoms will increase during menstruation. C) The condition causes urinary stress incontinence. D) This condition contributes to chronic constipation. - ANSWERSIsometric exercises will help strengthen the pubococcygeal muscles. Which female is at greatest risk for developing a benign ovarian cyst? A) A 26-year-old with regular menstrual cycle B) A 48-year-old diagnosed as premenopausal C) A 13-year-old experiencing delayed puberty D) A 70-year-old diagnosed with a cystocele - ANSWERSA 48-year-old diagnosed as premenopausal Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is characterized with the presence of: A) amenorrhea. B) hypotension. C) low cholesterol level. D) hypoandrogenism. - ANSWERSamenorrhea Which statement is TRUE regarding breast cancer? A) The older the age at a woman's first childbirth, the lower the risk. B) It is the second most common cause of cancer in women. C) The incidence has been declining since 1955. D) Hispanic women have the highest mortality rate. - ANSWERSHispanic women have the highest mortality rate Which is the most important difference between proliferative and nonproliferative breast tissue changes? A) Genetic aberrations are more common in nonproliferative lesions. B) Cancer prognosis is better for nonproliferative breast tissue changes. C) Nonproliferative breast lesions do not increase the risk of breast cancer. D) Cancer resulting from nonproliferative breast lesions has a higher cure rate. - ANSWERSNonproliferative breast lesions do not increase the risk of breast cancer Which of the following is not a common cause of galactorrhea in women? A) Pregnancy B) Medications C) Hypothyroidism D) Pituitary tumor - ANSWERSPregnancy Which of the following is considered a risk factor for vaginal cancer? A) Human papillomavirus (HPV) B) Endometriosis C) Concurrent breast cancer D) Birth control pills - ANSWERSHuman papillomavirus (HPV) When ruling out endometrial cancer, the client should be informed that: A) symptomatology is evaluated as the basis for diagnosis. B) a uterine lining depth of less than 8 mm rules out this diagnosis. C) she will be scheduled for a biopsy of the endometrial tissue. D) the use of combined hormonal contraception is a risk factor for this pathology. - ANSWERSshe will be scheduled for a biopsy of the endometrial tissue. A male patient presents with inflammation of the glans penis. Which term correctly describes this condition? A) Phimosis B) Paraphimosis C) Priapism D) Balanitis - ANSWERSBalanitis A male patient, diagnosed with a scrotal disorder, describes the resulting feeling like a "bag of worms in there." Which condition is supported by the client's statement? A) Varicocele B) Hydrocele C) Spermatocele D) Cryptorchidism - ANSWERSVaricocele A young adult male is diagnosed with orchitis after reporting pain in his testes. Which assessment question demonstrates an understanding of the etiology of this condition? A) "Have you ever had the mumps?" B) "Are you prone to prolonged erections?" C) "Has your sperm count ever been tested?" D) "Have you ever been diagnosed with candidiasis?" - ANSWERSHave you ever had the mumps? Which statement regarding benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is TRUE? A) Ten percent of men will have it by age 80 years. B) It is an uncommon condition. C) The prostate is largest at birth and continues to shrink. D) It may be problematic if urethral compression occurs. - ANSWERSIt may be problematic if urethral compression occurs A young adult reports an abnormal curvature of his penis that has existed since puberty but is getting worse and that intercourse is painful. The client's statement supports which diagnosis? A) Peyronie disease B) Orchitis C) Phimosis D) Paraphimosis - ANSWERSPeyronie disease A sexually active male reports unilateral pain in his scrotum. Assessment findings include a red and swollen, tender area on his scrotum. Which diagnosis is supported by this data? A) Balanitis B) Paraphimosis C) Epididymitis D) Benign prostate hypertrophy - ANSWERSEpididymitis Which reason is the primary contributor to the continued spread of sexually transmitted diseases? A) Reluctance to identify sexual partners B) Fear of being held legally responsive C) People unaware they are infected D) Failure of healthcare providers to notify authorities - ANSWERSPeople unaware they are infected Which statement is true regarding gynecomastia in men? A) It may begin as a palpable mass anywhere on the chest. B) It affects less than 3% of the male population. C) Incidence is greatest among adolescents and older men. D) It generally indicates cancer. - ANSWERSIncidence is greatest among adolescents and older men Which statement is TRUE regarding the act of retching? A) It begins with a shallow respiration. B) Hypersalivation and tachycardia are common. C) The esophagus becomes distended. D) Reverse peristalsis seldom occurs. - ANSWERSThe esophagus becomes distended A patient experiences increased mucosal discharge of chloride- or bicarbonate-rich fluid. Which of the following types of diarrhea is this? A) Osmotic B) Secretory C) Motility D) Parasitic - ANSWERSSecretory