NBME practice exam #1 questions and
answers
Mitotic iicyclin iisynthesis ii
Hemolysis~ iidec iiHgb/hematocrit, iiinc iiLDH
G2 iiphase
Vitamin iiE iidef iianemia
Hemolytic iianemia~ iired iiantioxidants iivs iiB12 iidef ii(megaloblastic iimacrocytic
iianemia) ii(normal iiMCV), iiand iineurologic iisymptoms
vs iiB12 iidef: iidec iiHgb/hematocrit, iiinc iiMCV, iiand iineurologic iisymptoms ii(dorsal
iicolumn)
Volume iiof iidistribution
Vd ii= ii(amount iiof iidrug iiin iithe iibody) ii/ ii(plasma iidrug iiconcentration)
Achondroplasia
Endochondrial iiossification iidysfunction ii(inhibit iichondrocyte iiproliferation)
TGF iibeta iiover iiexpression
Fibroblast iigrowth iifactor ii~ iikeloid iiand iihypertrophic iiscar iidevelopment
Thyroglossal iiduct iicyst
,a iipalpable iicystic iimidline iimass ii(fill iiw/mucous) iiin iithe iineck iisub>supra iihyoid
iibone ii~incomplete iiclosure iiof iithe iithyroglossal iiduct iilined iiby iilymphoid iiand
iimucous iicells
Connects iitongue iito iithyroid iigland iideveloping: iioriginates iifrom iitongue iitissue
Doesn't iiclose iicompletely-> iicyst ii(fill iiw/mucous)
-enlarge iiin iiinfections, iiinc iimucous, iiform iithyroid iicancer iivia iiectopic iithyroid
iitissue ii
Moves iiw/tongue iimvmt ii
Immunoreactive iitrypsinogen ii(IRT)
Measurement iiin iiblood iiof iinewborn iibabies iiis iian iiassay iiin iirapidly iiincreasing
iiuse iias iia iiscreening iitest iifor iicystic iifibrosis
Positive~ iiCF ii(2 iimutations- iiAR iito iicause iiCF iiphenotype)
Mullerian iiagenesis ii(Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser iisyndrome) iivs iiandrogen
iiinsensitivity
Both iipresent iiw/blind iivaginal iipouch iiand iiabsent ii1st iimenstrual iiperiod
AI: iiXY iiw/absent iihair iidevelopment ii(inc iitesoterone-> iiestrogen iiproduction
iiand iifemale iicharacteristics) iiMIF iistill iimade iiin iiembryo, iialso iimay iibe iivery iitall~
iilack iiof iiandrogen iimediated iigrowth iiplate iiclosure
MA: iiXX iiw/NORMAL iihair iidevelopment ii
suspensory iiligament iiof iiovary
Ligament iithat iicontains iiovarian iivessels
,-posterior iito iiligament~ iiureter ii
Oophorectomy: iidivides iisuspensory iiligament~ iirisk iiof iiovarian iivessel iiof iiureter
iidamage ii
Ureter: iialso iiruns iibehind iithe iiuterine iiartery ii(F) iiand iivas iideferens ii(M) iinear
iiits iientrance iito iithe iibladder ii
delirium iitremens ii(DTs)
the iidramatic iiphysical iiand iipsychological iieffects iiof iialcohol iiwithdrawal
-> iiautonomic iiinstability~ iihypokalemia ii(catecholamine iimediated iiintracellular
iishifts iiof iiK+ iivia iiinc iiNa/K+ iiATPase iiactivity)-> iiarrythmias ii
Beneficence
weighing iirisks iiand iicosts iiof iiprocedure iiagainst iithe iibenefits iiof iitreat iiment iivs
iinonmaleficence: iiavoiding iithe iicausation iiof iiharm
Zellweger iisyndrome
Peroxisomal iidisease
can't iimetabolize iivery iilong iichain iiFA ii(VLCFAs) iior iibranched-chain iiFAs ii(e.g.
iiphytanic iiacid, iivia iialpha-oxidation)
Serum: iihigh iibilirubin, iiAST/ALT iiand iiVLFAs**
Can't iiform iimyelin iiin iiCNS. ii
, Hypotonia, iiseizures, iihepatomegaly, iijaundice, iiMR, iifacial iidefects-look iilike
iijimmy iineutron ii
Myositis iiossificans
a iicondition iiin iiwhich iibone iiforms iiin iiand iireplaces iimuscle iitissue~Ca
iideposition iias iia iiresult iiof iitrauma
Radiation iitherapy
treatment iiof iicancer iiwith iia iiradioactive iisubstance, iix-ray, iior iiradiation~ iiFree
iiradical ii(OH-) iiformation ii~ iiXray iior iigamma ii
Obstructive iisleep iiapnea
inc iiBMI, iiprogressive/chronic iidaytime iisleepiness iiand iifatigue
-awakes iiin iithe iimiddle iiof iithe iinight: iihypoxemia iiand iihypercapnia ii~ iiresp
iidepression
Complications: iiPeripheral iiedema iiand iiloud iiS2 ii~ iisystemic iiHTN ii(sympathetic
iioverstimulation iiwhen iiO2 iidrops iitoo iilow) iileading iito iivasoconstriction iiand
iiinc iiHR
Pulmonary iiHTN~ iiRHF ii(transient iihypoxemia iiat iinight)
vs iicentral iiSA: iiloss iiof iiresp iidrive
answers
Mitotic iicyclin iisynthesis ii
Hemolysis~ iidec iiHgb/hematocrit, iiinc iiLDH
G2 iiphase
Vitamin iiE iidef iianemia
Hemolytic iianemia~ iired iiantioxidants iivs iiB12 iidef ii(megaloblastic iimacrocytic
iianemia) ii(normal iiMCV), iiand iineurologic iisymptoms
vs iiB12 iidef: iidec iiHgb/hematocrit, iiinc iiMCV, iiand iineurologic iisymptoms ii(dorsal
iicolumn)
Volume iiof iidistribution
Vd ii= ii(amount iiof iidrug iiin iithe iibody) ii/ ii(plasma iidrug iiconcentration)
Achondroplasia
Endochondrial iiossification iidysfunction ii(inhibit iichondrocyte iiproliferation)
TGF iibeta iiover iiexpression
Fibroblast iigrowth iifactor ii~ iikeloid iiand iihypertrophic iiscar iidevelopment
Thyroglossal iiduct iicyst
,a iipalpable iicystic iimidline iimass ii(fill iiw/mucous) iiin iithe iineck iisub>supra iihyoid
iibone ii~incomplete iiclosure iiof iithe iithyroglossal iiduct iilined iiby iilymphoid iiand
iimucous iicells
Connects iitongue iito iithyroid iigland iideveloping: iioriginates iifrom iitongue iitissue
Doesn't iiclose iicompletely-> iicyst ii(fill iiw/mucous)
-enlarge iiin iiinfections, iiinc iimucous, iiform iithyroid iicancer iivia iiectopic iithyroid
iitissue ii
Moves iiw/tongue iimvmt ii
Immunoreactive iitrypsinogen ii(IRT)
Measurement iiin iiblood iiof iinewborn iibabies iiis iian iiassay iiin iirapidly iiincreasing
iiuse iias iia iiscreening iitest iifor iicystic iifibrosis
Positive~ iiCF ii(2 iimutations- iiAR iito iicause iiCF iiphenotype)
Mullerian iiagenesis ii(Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser iisyndrome) iivs iiandrogen
iiinsensitivity
Both iipresent iiw/blind iivaginal iipouch iiand iiabsent ii1st iimenstrual iiperiod
AI: iiXY iiw/absent iihair iidevelopment ii(inc iitesoterone-> iiestrogen iiproduction
iiand iifemale iicharacteristics) iiMIF iistill iimade iiin iiembryo, iialso iimay iibe iivery iitall~
iilack iiof iiandrogen iimediated iigrowth iiplate iiclosure
MA: iiXX iiw/NORMAL iihair iidevelopment ii
suspensory iiligament iiof iiovary
Ligament iithat iicontains iiovarian iivessels
,-posterior iito iiligament~ iiureter ii
Oophorectomy: iidivides iisuspensory iiligament~ iirisk iiof iiovarian iivessel iiof iiureter
iidamage ii
Ureter: iialso iiruns iibehind iithe iiuterine iiartery ii(F) iiand iivas iideferens ii(M) iinear
iiits iientrance iito iithe iibladder ii
delirium iitremens ii(DTs)
the iidramatic iiphysical iiand iipsychological iieffects iiof iialcohol iiwithdrawal
-> iiautonomic iiinstability~ iihypokalemia ii(catecholamine iimediated iiintracellular
iishifts iiof iiK+ iivia iiinc iiNa/K+ iiATPase iiactivity)-> iiarrythmias ii
Beneficence
weighing iirisks iiand iicosts iiof iiprocedure iiagainst iithe iibenefits iiof iitreat iiment iivs
iinonmaleficence: iiavoiding iithe iicausation iiof iiharm
Zellweger iisyndrome
Peroxisomal iidisease
can't iimetabolize iivery iilong iichain iiFA ii(VLCFAs) iior iibranched-chain iiFAs ii(e.g.
iiphytanic iiacid, iivia iialpha-oxidation)
Serum: iihigh iibilirubin, iiAST/ALT iiand iiVLFAs**
Can't iiform iimyelin iiin iiCNS. ii
, Hypotonia, iiseizures, iihepatomegaly, iijaundice, iiMR, iifacial iidefects-look iilike
iijimmy iineutron ii
Myositis iiossificans
a iicondition iiin iiwhich iibone iiforms iiin iiand iireplaces iimuscle iitissue~Ca
iideposition iias iia iiresult iiof iitrauma
Radiation iitherapy
treatment iiof iicancer iiwith iia iiradioactive iisubstance, iix-ray, iior iiradiation~ iiFree
iiradical ii(OH-) iiformation ii~ iiXray iior iigamma ii
Obstructive iisleep iiapnea
inc iiBMI, iiprogressive/chronic iidaytime iisleepiness iiand iifatigue
-awakes iiin iithe iimiddle iiof iithe iinight: iihypoxemia iiand iihypercapnia ii~ iiresp
iidepression
Complications: iiPeripheral iiedema iiand iiloud iiS2 ii~ iisystemic iiHTN ii(sympathetic
iioverstimulation iiwhen iiO2 iidrops iitoo iilow) iileading iito iivasoconstriction iiand
iiinc iiHR
Pulmonary iiHTN~ iiRHF ii(transient iihypoxemia iiat iinight)
vs iicentral iiSA: iiloss iiof iiresp iidrive
