Abbreviation key: rec’mmd=recommend, r/o=rule out, ppx=prophylaxis, imm-cmp=immunocompromised, imm-def=immunodeficient, C/I=contraindication, 2dry=secondary
Topic: Influenza
Epidemic: widespread outbreak of infectious d/s | Pandemic: widespread global outbreak of infectious d/s
Transmission: airborne droplet & direct contact | Goal of tx: establish dx, symptom tx, and prevent complications
Risk Factors | Prevention Diagnostics | Pharmacologic Notes | Non-Pharmacologic
Complications Interventions
@ Risk population
@ Risk population • Frequent hand hygiene • Based on hx & clinical findings, • Incubation period 18-72 hrs
• Young children, • Elevate head of bed outbreak in community
underdeveloped • Frequent rest • Chest xray & WBC w/diff. to r/o Nonpharmacologic
airways & immune sys. • Influenza vaccine pneumonia • Bed restàalleviates fatigue &
• Elderly (yearly) • WBC count is low in pt w/influenza malaise, boost immune sys.,
w/compromised • Nasal spray (live vaccine) (viral) prevent spread of infx
immune sys. for healthy pt < 50 yr old • If bacterial infx then high WBC ct • Increase fluid intake up to
• Age > 50 • CDC rec’mmd vaccine Rapid influenza test – nasal/throat swabs to 3Làjuice, warm tea, soup
• Nursing home for: @ risk pt – nursing test for flu • Hygieneàhand, proper infx
residents home pt, age > 65 – • Results in 10-15min waste disposal, cough & sneezing
• Pregnant women (2-3rd adults/kids w/chronic • Culture & sensitivity (C&S) should be etiquetteàprevent spread of infx
trimester)àrisk for pulmonary d/o-asthma done asap prior to rapid test • Effective coughing technique
complications or chronic metabolic d/s- • Can be done outpatient/in-office • Humidified air
• Healthcare workersà diabetes – healthcare Pharmacologic – antivirals & analgesics • Elevate head of bed
risk r/t exposure workers – family • No antibiotics unless theres a 2dry • Complementary healthà use
members of @ risk pt’s bacterial infx to ease symptoms
Risk Factors Analgesics/Antipyretics/Antitussives/Deconge
• Chronic d/s Vaccine contraindication stants/Expectorants
• Immunocompromised • Egg allergy
• Immunodeficient • Previous hypersensitivity Zanamivir (Relenza) – tx & ppx of flu
• Immunosuppressing reaction to vaccine • Route = inhalation
medications • 5% chance of illness from • C/I for pt with COPD, Asthma, crhonic
• Exposure vaccine (low-grade fever, respiratory conditions r/t route
malaise, myalgia up to Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) – tx & ppx of flu
Complication 24 hr after vaccination) • Route = PO
• Primary influenza, viral • Guillain-Barre syndrome These antivirals prevent the release of newly
pneumonia formed virus from the surface of infected cells
• Exacerbation of COPD, and inhibit the replication of influenza A and B
chronic bronchitis, viruses
asthma • Antiviral tx should be at least 5 days
• Reye syndrome (rare) PPX-should get vaccine + antiviral rx
• Myositis (skeletal • Ppx antivirals should be for 7 days
muscle inflamm.) after exposure
, ) p
• CNS d/o-Guillain- • In nursing homes à 2 wks or 1 wk past
Barre syndrome, last case
encephalitis
1
Topic: Influenza
Epidemic: widespread outbreak of infectious d/s | Pandemic: widespread global outbreak of infectious d/s
Transmission: airborne droplet & direct contact | Goal of tx: establish dx, symptom tx, and prevent complications
Risk Factors | Prevention Diagnostics | Pharmacologic Notes | Non-Pharmacologic
Complications Interventions
@ Risk population
@ Risk population • Frequent hand hygiene • Based on hx & clinical findings, • Incubation period 18-72 hrs
• Young children, • Elevate head of bed outbreak in community
underdeveloped • Frequent rest • Chest xray & WBC w/diff. to r/o Nonpharmacologic
airways & immune sys. • Influenza vaccine pneumonia • Bed restàalleviates fatigue &
• Elderly (yearly) • WBC count is low in pt w/influenza malaise, boost immune sys.,
w/compromised • Nasal spray (live vaccine) (viral) prevent spread of infx
immune sys. for healthy pt < 50 yr old • If bacterial infx then high WBC ct • Increase fluid intake up to
• Age > 50 • CDC rec’mmd vaccine Rapid influenza test – nasal/throat swabs to 3Làjuice, warm tea, soup
• Nursing home for: @ risk pt – nursing test for flu • Hygieneàhand, proper infx
residents home pt, age > 65 – • Results in 10-15min waste disposal, cough & sneezing
• Pregnant women (2-3rd adults/kids w/chronic • Culture & sensitivity (C&S) should be etiquetteàprevent spread of infx
trimester)àrisk for pulmonary d/o-asthma done asap prior to rapid test • Effective coughing technique
complications or chronic metabolic d/s- • Can be done outpatient/in-office • Humidified air
• Healthcare workersà diabetes – healthcare Pharmacologic – antivirals & analgesics • Elevate head of bed
risk r/t exposure workers – family • No antibiotics unless theres a 2dry • Complementary healthà use
members of @ risk pt’s bacterial infx to ease symptoms
Risk Factors Analgesics/Antipyretics/Antitussives/Deconge
• Chronic d/s Vaccine contraindication stants/Expectorants
• Immunocompromised • Egg allergy
• Immunodeficient • Previous hypersensitivity Zanamivir (Relenza) – tx & ppx of flu
• Immunosuppressing reaction to vaccine • Route = inhalation
medications • 5% chance of illness from • C/I for pt with COPD, Asthma, crhonic
• Exposure vaccine (low-grade fever, respiratory conditions r/t route
malaise, myalgia up to Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) – tx & ppx of flu
Complication 24 hr after vaccination) • Route = PO
• Primary influenza, viral • Guillain-Barre syndrome These antivirals prevent the release of newly
pneumonia formed virus from the surface of infected cells
• Exacerbation of COPD, and inhibit the replication of influenza A and B
chronic bronchitis, viruses
asthma • Antiviral tx should be at least 5 days
• Reye syndrome (rare) PPX-should get vaccine + antiviral rx
• Myositis (skeletal • Ppx antivirals should be for 7 days
muscle inflamm.) after exposure
, ) p
• CNS d/o-Guillain- • In nursing homes à 2 wks or 1 wk past
Barre syndrome, last case
encephalitis
1
