NUR4271 Endstage Kidney Disease &
Urothelial Cancer Exam
-Excretion of waste
-Fluid/electrolyte balance
-Acid-base balance (hormone secretion) - ANSWER Kidney function of Urine elimination:
Chronic Kidney Disease - ANSWER •15% of adults in US have disease (about 37 million
people)
•Number affected people increasing
•About 90% do not know they have the disease
-Diabetes mellitus
-Hypertension (can be the cause of CKD or CKD can be the cause of hypertension) -
ANSWER Two most common causes of CKD:
•Gradual: months to years
•Varies by stage but generally symptomatic with 75% loss
•Dialysis with 90-95% loss
•Progressive and permanent (irreversible)
•Lasts more than 3 months
•When kidney function too poor to sustain life called ESKD (ESRD)
•Treatment and lifestyle can slow progression and delay onset of ESRD
• 5 stages based on glomerular filtration rate (GFR) - ANSWER CKD facts:
Blood passes thru glomerulus to form a filtrate, controlled by b/p and blood flow
, Filtration rate expressed in mm/min - ANSWER Glomerular filtration rate iis when :
3, 24 - ANSWER direct measurement of a urine creatnine with a ___ hour or ___ hour
urine collection
-eGFR: 90 or greater
-Mild kidney damage - ANSWER Stage 1 CKD (eGRF rate and level of kidney damage)
-eGFR: Between 60 and 89
-Mild Kidney damage - ANSWER Stage 2 CKD (eGRF rate and level of kidney damage)
-eGFR: Between 45 and 59
-Mild to moderate kidney damage - ANSWER Stage 3A CKD (eGRF rate and level of
kidney damage)
-eGFR: Between 30 and 44
- Mild to moderate kidney damage - ANSWER Stage 3B CKD (eGRF rate and level of
kidney damage)
- eGFR: Between 15 and 29
-Moderate to severe kidney damage - ANSWER Stage 4 CKD (eGRF rate and level of
kidney damage)
-eGFR: Less than 15
-Kidneys are close to failure or have completely failed. Dialysis or kidney transplant is
needed at this stage - ANSWER Stage 5 CKD/ESKD (eGRF rate and level of kidney
damage)
Check albumin in urine ( 3 stages) which shows kidney damage
Urothelial Cancer Exam
-Excretion of waste
-Fluid/electrolyte balance
-Acid-base balance (hormone secretion) - ANSWER Kidney function of Urine elimination:
Chronic Kidney Disease - ANSWER •15% of adults in US have disease (about 37 million
people)
•Number affected people increasing
•About 90% do not know they have the disease
-Diabetes mellitus
-Hypertension (can be the cause of CKD or CKD can be the cause of hypertension) -
ANSWER Two most common causes of CKD:
•Gradual: months to years
•Varies by stage but generally symptomatic with 75% loss
•Dialysis with 90-95% loss
•Progressive and permanent (irreversible)
•Lasts more than 3 months
•When kidney function too poor to sustain life called ESKD (ESRD)
•Treatment and lifestyle can slow progression and delay onset of ESRD
• 5 stages based on glomerular filtration rate (GFR) - ANSWER CKD facts:
Blood passes thru glomerulus to form a filtrate, controlled by b/p and blood flow
, Filtration rate expressed in mm/min - ANSWER Glomerular filtration rate iis when :
3, 24 - ANSWER direct measurement of a urine creatnine with a ___ hour or ___ hour
urine collection
-eGFR: 90 or greater
-Mild kidney damage - ANSWER Stage 1 CKD (eGRF rate and level of kidney damage)
-eGFR: Between 60 and 89
-Mild Kidney damage - ANSWER Stage 2 CKD (eGRF rate and level of kidney damage)
-eGFR: Between 45 and 59
-Mild to moderate kidney damage - ANSWER Stage 3A CKD (eGRF rate and level of
kidney damage)
-eGFR: Between 30 and 44
- Mild to moderate kidney damage - ANSWER Stage 3B CKD (eGRF rate and level of
kidney damage)
- eGFR: Between 15 and 29
-Moderate to severe kidney damage - ANSWER Stage 4 CKD (eGRF rate and level of
kidney damage)
-eGFR: Less than 15
-Kidneys are close to failure or have completely failed. Dialysis or kidney transplant is
needed at this stage - ANSWER Stage 5 CKD/ESKD (eGRF rate and level of kidney
damage)
Check albumin in urine ( 3 stages) which shows kidney damage
