Restriction Enzymes and DNA sequencing Exam Questions and Answers Already Passed

Restriction Enzymes and DNA sequencing Exam Questions and Answers Already Passed restriction enzymes - Answers enzymes that can cut DNA at specific sequences What is another name for restriction enzymes? - Answers molecular scissors who discovered them and how? - Answers Arber and Lynn were studying bacteria phages which are viruses that affected bacteria discovered that there were special enzymes that would recognize phage and viral DNA and cut it up to help protect the bacteria restricting growth viruses endonucleases - Answers in hot nucleic acid. cut at internal areas/location exonucleases - Answers cut DNA at ends of the molecule not restriction enzyme Blunt end cutter - Answers when restriction enzyme cuts the DNA at same location in both strands Staggered end cutter - Answers cut the DNA at 2 different places forming puzzle pieces Restriction Digest - Answers cutting DNA with restriction enzymes Linear DNA - Answers # of retraction fragments= # of cuts + 1 adds to the size or original DNA draw figure on the gel Circular DNA - Answers # of restriction fragments= # of cuts O.R.I - Answers site were replication begins reference point Gene Cloning - Answers technique that allows you to generate multiple copies of a gene. all identical to the original cell when was the first human gene cloned? - Answers 1986 Clone - Answers Greek work for Klone meaning twig group of cells that ate identical to the original cell What are the ingredients of Cloning? There are 5 - Answers 1) gene of interest 2) restriction enzyme 3) vector/ plasmid 4)DNA ligase 5) host bacteria cell plasmid - Answers are circular chromosomal DNA elements found in bacteria. They can replicate on their own and often plasmids will carry antibiotic resistance gene. Bacteria will contain multiple copies of plasmids. recombinate DNA - Answers has dna from two organisms how fast do bacteria divide - Answers every 20-30 min will have copy of bacteria gene and plasmid Dna sequencing (traditional sequencing) - Answers technique that allows you to read nucleotide sequence of a gene who invented dna sequencing - Answers sanger won a nobel prize what is the diffence between the original and modified nucleotide - Answers the original nucleotide had and OH attached to the carbon 3 which attaches to the next nucleotide/ DNTP the modify nucleotide has a hydrogen attached to the carbon 3 which will stop polymerase extention called ddNTP ingredients of seqeuncing (7) - Answers 1) taq polymerase 2) buffer 3) dNTP and ddNTP 4) water 5) magensium 6) primer- only one 7) template/ gene of interest what is the ratio of dNTP to ddNTP - Answers 10:1