NURSING PHARMACOLOGY—CARDIAC. ALL CARDIAC EXAM
REVISION QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS (ALREADY
GRADED A+) (2024 UPDATE)
Fibrates therapeutics - ANSWER- reduce triglyceride level, secondarily reduce blood
cholesterol.
Fibrates adverse effects - ANSWER- gallstones, myopathy, hepatotoxicity, diarrhea.
Fibrates interactions - ANSWER- -statins: increase risk of myopathy.
Fibrates pharmacodynamics - ANSWER- reduce cholesterol production, mobilize cholesterol
from tissues, inc cholesterol excretion, dec synthesis and secretion of lipoproteins, dec synthesis
of triglycerides
Cholesterol absorption inhibitors action - ANSWER- inhibit absorption of cholesterol secreted
in the bile and from food
Cholesterol absorption inhibitors drugs - ANSWER- ezetimibe (zetia)
Cholesterol absorption inhibitors medication interactions - ANSWER- -bile sequestrants
(interfere with absorption)
Statins (increased risk of myopathy/hepatoxicity)
Fibrates (increased risk of gallstones, myopathy)
Bile sequestering drugs - ANSWER- cholestyramine (quest ran)
Colesevelam
,Colestipol (colestid)
Bile sequestering drug action - ANSWER- bind with bile acids in intestine to excrete in feces,
causes liver to use cholesterol to form bile acids, lowers blood levels of LDL
Bile sequestering drugs adverse effects - ANSWER- constipation
Bile sequestering drugs--kinetics - ANSWER- not absorbed, remain in intestine and combine
with bile acids, eliminated in 5 hours
Bile sequestering drugs medication interaction - ANSWER- dec absorption of fat soluble
vitamins A,E,D,K
Digoxin, warfarin, thiazides & tetracyclines & fat-soluble meds
Antiarrhythmic drugs - ANSWER- amiodarone (cordarone)
Antiarrhythmic action - ANSWER- used for atrial and ventricular arrhythmias
Antiarrhythmic adverse effects - ANSWER- -pulmonary toxicity, pulmonary fibrosis
-cardio toxicity
-arrhythmias, bradycardia, AV-block, CHF
-photophobia, blurred vision
Antiarrhythmic pt teaching - ANSWER- labs: liver & thyroid function
-cardiac rate/rhythm
-pulmonary function
, -chest X-ray, pulmonary function tests.
Preload - ANSWER- volume of blood in ventricles at the end of diastole
What your VEINS do
-this is increase in hypervolemia & with extra fluid
Afterload - ANSWER- resistance left ventricle must overcome to circulate blood.
What arteries do when they squeeze blood between pumps
Increase in hypertension
Congestive heart failure - ANSWER- condition which heart fails to effectively pump blood
around the body
Common CHF medications - ANSWER- -diuretics (reduce systemic h2o & preload)
-ACE, beta blockers (dec afterload)
-digoxin (stroke volume)
Weak heart? - ANSWER- low cardiac output
Left sided heart failure - ANSWER- -fluid in lungs lining
-cough, crackles, wheezes, blood-tinged sputum, tachypnea
Right sided heart failure (cor pulmonale) - ANSWER- -gravity wins--resulting in weak pulse
in foot
-fatigue, enlarged liver/spleen, swelling in hands & fingers
REVISION QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS (ALREADY
GRADED A+) (2024 UPDATE)
Fibrates therapeutics - ANSWER- reduce triglyceride level, secondarily reduce blood
cholesterol.
Fibrates adverse effects - ANSWER- gallstones, myopathy, hepatotoxicity, diarrhea.
Fibrates interactions - ANSWER- -statins: increase risk of myopathy.
Fibrates pharmacodynamics - ANSWER- reduce cholesterol production, mobilize cholesterol
from tissues, inc cholesterol excretion, dec synthesis and secretion of lipoproteins, dec synthesis
of triglycerides
Cholesterol absorption inhibitors action - ANSWER- inhibit absorption of cholesterol secreted
in the bile and from food
Cholesterol absorption inhibitors drugs - ANSWER- ezetimibe (zetia)
Cholesterol absorption inhibitors medication interactions - ANSWER- -bile sequestrants
(interfere with absorption)
Statins (increased risk of myopathy/hepatoxicity)
Fibrates (increased risk of gallstones, myopathy)
Bile sequestering drugs - ANSWER- cholestyramine (quest ran)
Colesevelam
,Colestipol (colestid)
Bile sequestering drug action - ANSWER- bind with bile acids in intestine to excrete in feces,
causes liver to use cholesterol to form bile acids, lowers blood levels of LDL
Bile sequestering drugs adverse effects - ANSWER- constipation
Bile sequestering drugs--kinetics - ANSWER- not absorbed, remain in intestine and combine
with bile acids, eliminated in 5 hours
Bile sequestering drugs medication interaction - ANSWER- dec absorption of fat soluble
vitamins A,E,D,K
Digoxin, warfarin, thiazides & tetracyclines & fat-soluble meds
Antiarrhythmic drugs - ANSWER- amiodarone (cordarone)
Antiarrhythmic action - ANSWER- used for atrial and ventricular arrhythmias
Antiarrhythmic adverse effects - ANSWER- -pulmonary toxicity, pulmonary fibrosis
-cardio toxicity
-arrhythmias, bradycardia, AV-block, CHF
-photophobia, blurred vision
Antiarrhythmic pt teaching - ANSWER- labs: liver & thyroid function
-cardiac rate/rhythm
-pulmonary function
, -chest X-ray, pulmonary function tests.
Preload - ANSWER- volume of blood in ventricles at the end of diastole
What your VEINS do
-this is increase in hypervolemia & with extra fluid
Afterload - ANSWER- resistance left ventricle must overcome to circulate blood.
What arteries do when they squeeze blood between pumps
Increase in hypertension
Congestive heart failure - ANSWER- condition which heart fails to effectively pump blood
around the body
Common CHF medications - ANSWER- -diuretics (reduce systemic h2o & preload)
-ACE, beta blockers (dec afterload)
-digoxin (stroke volume)
Weak heart? - ANSWER- low cardiac output
Left sided heart failure - ANSWER- -fluid in lungs lining
-cough, crackles, wheezes, blood-tinged sputum, tachypnea
Right sided heart failure (cor pulmonale) - ANSWER- -gravity wins--resulting in weak pulse
in foot
-fatigue, enlarged liver/spleen, swelling in hands & fingers
