ATCN 2025 Chapter 6. Head Trauma EXAM 2025 QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT ANSWER
____________________________________________ occur in 30% of patients with severe
brain injuries. They often develop from shearing of small surface or bridging blood vessels of
the cerebral cortex. - answer>>>Subdural Hematoma
Damage underlying an acute subdural hematoma is typically much more severe than that
associated with epidural hematomas due to the presence of concomitant parenchyma injury.
Many _________________________________ are in the frontal and temporal lobes, although
they may be in any part of the brain. - answer>>>Contusions
In a period of hours or days, these contusions can evolve to form an intracerebral hematoma of
coalesce to a contusion with enough mass effect to require surgical evacuation. This condition
occurs in as many as 20% of patients presenting with contusions.
Patients with _____________________________ generally undergo repeat CT scanning to
evaluate for changes in the pattern of injury with 24 hours of the initial head CT. -
answer>>>Contusions
____________________________________________________________ is defined by a Post
resuscitation GCS score between 13 - 15. - answer>>>Mild Traumatic brain injury
Approximately 3% unexpectedly deteriorate
Note:
The mechanism of injury
Particular attention to any LOC including length of time
Any seizure activity
Subsequent LOC
Determine the duration of amnesia before (retrograde and after antegrade)
List when to obtain an CT scan - answer>>>Suspected open skull fracture
Any sign basilar skull fracture
, More than two episodes of vomiting
In patients older than 65
CT should also be considered for those patients suffering LOC > 5 minutes & retrograde
amnesia greater than 30 minutes
a dangerous mechanism of injury
Severe headaches
Seizures
Short term memory deficit
Alcohol or drug intoxication
Coagulopathy or a focal neurological deficit.
Management of Moderate Brain Injury - answer>>>Approximately 15% of patients with brain
injury who are seen in the ED have moderate injury. These patients can follow simple
commands, but they usually are confused or somnolent and can have focal neurological deficits
such as hemiparesis.
Serial neurological exams are critical in treatment of these patients. Approximately 10% to 20%
of these patients deteriorate and lapse into a coma.
All patients with _________________________________ require admission for close
observation and frequent neurological examinations. - answer>>>Moderate TBI
A follow up CT scan within 24 hours is recommended.
Management of severe Brain injury (GCS score 3 - 8) - answer>>>Approximately 10% of patients
with brain injury who are treated in the ED have severe injury.
Brain injury often is adversely affected by secondary insults. The mortality rate for patients with
severe brain injury who have hypotension on admission is more than double that of patients
who do not have hypotension.
AND CORRECT ANSWER
____________________________________________ occur in 30% of patients with severe
brain injuries. They often develop from shearing of small surface or bridging blood vessels of
the cerebral cortex. - answer>>>Subdural Hematoma
Damage underlying an acute subdural hematoma is typically much more severe than that
associated with epidural hematomas due to the presence of concomitant parenchyma injury.
Many _________________________________ are in the frontal and temporal lobes, although
they may be in any part of the brain. - answer>>>Contusions
In a period of hours or days, these contusions can evolve to form an intracerebral hematoma of
coalesce to a contusion with enough mass effect to require surgical evacuation. This condition
occurs in as many as 20% of patients presenting with contusions.
Patients with _____________________________ generally undergo repeat CT scanning to
evaluate for changes in the pattern of injury with 24 hours of the initial head CT. -
answer>>>Contusions
____________________________________________________________ is defined by a Post
resuscitation GCS score between 13 - 15. - answer>>>Mild Traumatic brain injury
Approximately 3% unexpectedly deteriorate
Note:
The mechanism of injury
Particular attention to any LOC including length of time
Any seizure activity
Subsequent LOC
Determine the duration of amnesia before (retrograde and after antegrade)
List when to obtain an CT scan - answer>>>Suspected open skull fracture
Any sign basilar skull fracture
, More than two episodes of vomiting
In patients older than 65
CT should also be considered for those patients suffering LOC > 5 minutes & retrograde
amnesia greater than 30 minutes
a dangerous mechanism of injury
Severe headaches
Seizures
Short term memory deficit
Alcohol or drug intoxication
Coagulopathy or a focal neurological deficit.
Management of Moderate Brain Injury - answer>>>Approximately 15% of patients with brain
injury who are seen in the ED have moderate injury. These patients can follow simple
commands, but they usually are confused or somnolent and can have focal neurological deficits
such as hemiparesis.
Serial neurological exams are critical in treatment of these patients. Approximately 10% to 20%
of these patients deteriorate and lapse into a coma.
All patients with _________________________________ require admission for close
observation and frequent neurological examinations. - answer>>>Moderate TBI
A follow up CT scan within 24 hours is recommended.
Management of severe Brain injury (GCS score 3 - 8) - answer>>>Approximately 10% of patients
with brain injury who are treated in the ED have severe injury.
Brain injury often is adversely affected by secondary insults. The mortality rate for patients with
severe brain injury who have hypotension on admission is more than double that of patients
who do not have hypotension.
