AFST 235 Final Exam Questions and
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original Rice Coast - ✔✔broad area of West Africa where rice cultivation is
essential to cultural identity and subsistence
new Rice Coast - ✔✔traditions of rice cultivation brought from West Africa
to US low country south
women - ✔✔the traditional role of rice cultivation is on
rice cultivation - ✔✔a complex knowledge system brought to the americas
by enslaved West Africans
rice cultivation/research bias - ✔✔scholars have routinely assigned the
establishment of rice cultivation in West Africa to the Portuguese (as a
transplant crop from Asia), based on widespread beliefs that Africans were
incapable of sophisticated technological developments
African vs. Asian - ✔✔two separate species of domestic rice
inland delta of the niger river - ✔✔center of domestication of African rice
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1068 - ✔✔islamic scholar al-Bakri noted abundance of rice along the Niger
(prior to the arrival of Portuguese)
14th century - ✔✔Ibn Battutu noted the abundance of rice on the Niger
River in Mali
Oryza glaberrima - ✔✔African rice, earliest know presence 300AD
why rice - ✔✔desertification from 300bc-300ad; rice flourishes where
millet/sorghum fail
long handled shovel - ✔✔what was designed specifically for rice cultivation
translated rice plants - ✔✔instead of directly sowing seeds into the
floodplain, growers
seasonal rotation - ✔✔after rice harvest, cattle moved into fields to graze
on crop residue, cattle manure would fertilize soil for next crop
85 varieties - ✔✔knowledge system with - varieties of seeds for different
needs - flooding, seasonal salinity, acidity, drought etc
Rice knowledge system - ✔✔--- was translpanted to americas during the
Middle Passage; slave ship records show rice being purchased to feed
slaves during the voyage
1587 - ✔✔rice technology was firmly established in Brazil