HUBS1416 EXAM QUESTIONS AND 100% CORRECT
ANSWERS 2024-2025
what is a cluster of cell bodies called? ANSWER ganglia
What is the soma? ANSWER cell body
What is the cell body? ANSWER contains nucleus and produces proteins
dendrites function in neuron ANSWER receive signals and send to cell body (input)
axons function ANSWER sends action potential through axon from cell body to axon
terminal (integration)
axon terminal function ANSWER releases neurotransmitters (output)
myelin sheath - ANSWER insulating cover of axons which increase the speed at which
electrical impulses travel along the neuronedo all neurone have a myelin sheath? -
ANSWER no, only those that need fast electrical impulsesglial cells - ANSWER cells in
the nervous system that support, nutrition, and myelincentral nervous system
neuroglia? - ANSWER astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia, ependymal cells
peripheral nervous system neuroglia? - ANSWER Schwann cells and satellite cells
What are excitable cells? - ANSWER cells capable of a sudden change in membrane
potential produce an electrical signal. neurons and muscle cells
sodium-potassium pump - ANSWER An active transport carrier protein that exchanges
sodium ions out of the cell and potassium ions into the cell using ATP
,What is depolarization? - ANSWER
What is repolarization? - ANSWER
AUTONOMIC SENSORY functions - ANSWER carry impulses that are initiated
automatically below level of consciousness, eg - stretch receptors in hollow structures
like the bladder, gut, uterus, chemoreceptors, baroreceptors.
SOMATIC MOTOR functions - ANSWER movement of skeletal muscles
AUTONOMIC MOTOR functions - ANSWER movement of smooth muscles and gland
activity
somatic nervous system - ANSWER Division of the PNS that controls the body's skeletal
muscles.
autonomic nervous system - ANSWER the part of the peripheral nervous system that
controls the glands and the muscles of the internal organs ie the heart.
What is an afferent neuron? - ANSWER sensory neuron. carries impulses from
peripheral organs to the CNS
What is an efferent neuron? - ANSWER motor neuron. carries impulses away from the
CNS to peripheral organs to cause an effect.
Proprioceptors are - ANSWER sensory organs which provide information about the
position of the body self movement
what is the simplest reflex - ANSWER stretch reflex, organised at the level of the spinal
cord
, nociceptors are - ANSWER sensory receptors that detect pain. They are free nerve
endings found in the skin, muscle, joints, bone and viscera
what is viscera - ANSWER internal organs
What is the moro reflex? - ANSWER "startle reflex" The neonate opens his or her arms
wide, spreads his or her fingers, and seems to grasp at something after being startled.
when is the moro reflex inhibited? - ANSWER around 4 months
What is the Babinski reflex? - ANSWER When stroking the sole of the foot causes toes to
hyper extend
when is the Babinski reflex inhibited? - ANSWER 1-2 years
What is the stepping reflex? - ANSWER the baby appears to take steps or dance when
held upright with his or her feet touching a solid surface.
when is the Stepping reflex inhibited? - ANSWER around 3 months
What is the grasping reflex? - ANSWER infant grasps anything put into his or her hand
When is the grasping reflex inhibited? - ANSWER around 6 months
What is the rooting reflex? - ANSWER Stroking an infant's cheek will make the baby turn
toward that side.
What are cranial nerves? - ANSWER I. Olfactory
ANSWERS 2024-2025
what is a cluster of cell bodies called? ANSWER ganglia
What is the soma? ANSWER cell body
What is the cell body? ANSWER contains nucleus and produces proteins
dendrites function in neuron ANSWER receive signals and send to cell body (input)
axons function ANSWER sends action potential through axon from cell body to axon
terminal (integration)
axon terminal function ANSWER releases neurotransmitters (output)
myelin sheath - ANSWER insulating cover of axons which increase the speed at which
electrical impulses travel along the neuronedo all neurone have a myelin sheath? -
ANSWER no, only those that need fast electrical impulsesglial cells - ANSWER cells in
the nervous system that support, nutrition, and myelincentral nervous system
neuroglia? - ANSWER astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia, ependymal cells
peripheral nervous system neuroglia? - ANSWER Schwann cells and satellite cells
What are excitable cells? - ANSWER cells capable of a sudden change in membrane
potential produce an electrical signal. neurons and muscle cells
sodium-potassium pump - ANSWER An active transport carrier protein that exchanges
sodium ions out of the cell and potassium ions into the cell using ATP
,What is depolarization? - ANSWER
What is repolarization? - ANSWER
AUTONOMIC SENSORY functions - ANSWER carry impulses that are initiated
automatically below level of consciousness, eg - stretch receptors in hollow structures
like the bladder, gut, uterus, chemoreceptors, baroreceptors.
SOMATIC MOTOR functions - ANSWER movement of skeletal muscles
AUTONOMIC MOTOR functions - ANSWER movement of smooth muscles and gland
activity
somatic nervous system - ANSWER Division of the PNS that controls the body's skeletal
muscles.
autonomic nervous system - ANSWER the part of the peripheral nervous system that
controls the glands and the muscles of the internal organs ie the heart.
What is an afferent neuron? - ANSWER sensory neuron. carries impulses from
peripheral organs to the CNS
What is an efferent neuron? - ANSWER motor neuron. carries impulses away from the
CNS to peripheral organs to cause an effect.
Proprioceptors are - ANSWER sensory organs which provide information about the
position of the body self movement
what is the simplest reflex - ANSWER stretch reflex, organised at the level of the spinal
cord
, nociceptors are - ANSWER sensory receptors that detect pain. They are free nerve
endings found in the skin, muscle, joints, bone and viscera
what is viscera - ANSWER internal organs
What is the moro reflex? - ANSWER "startle reflex" The neonate opens his or her arms
wide, spreads his or her fingers, and seems to grasp at something after being startled.
when is the moro reflex inhibited? - ANSWER around 4 months
What is the Babinski reflex? - ANSWER When stroking the sole of the foot causes toes to
hyper extend
when is the Babinski reflex inhibited? - ANSWER 1-2 years
What is the stepping reflex? - ANSWER the baby appears to take steps or dance when
held upright with his or her feet touching a solid surface.
when is the Stepping reflex inhibited? - ANSWER around 3 months
What is the grasping reflex? - ANSWER infant grasps anything put into his or her hand
When is the grasping reflex inhibited? - ANSWER around 6 months
What is the rooting reflex? - ANSWER Stroking an infant's cheek will make the baby turn
toward that side.
What are cranial nerves? - ANSWER I. Olfactory
