NR 546 week 8 Questions and Correct
Answers the Latest Update and
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Early (1-3 years) signs of AD
→ short term memory deficits
→ disoriented to date
→ diminished recall of recent events
→ mild language and decision-making deficits
→ mild problem copying figures (clock drawing)
→ social withdrawal
→ mood change
→ personality changes
→ problems with managing finances
Middle (2-8 years) stage of AD
→ disoriented to date and place
→ may get lost in familiar places
→ impaired learning new skills
→ agitation, aggression, restlessness, or anxiety
→ difficulty with ADLs such as cooking and grooming
Late (6-12 years) stage of AD
→ disoriented to person, time, or place
→ non-verbal
→ long term memory diminished
→ unable to groom or dress
→ progress to need for total care at end stage
→ incontinent
→ motor or verbal agitation
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Alzheimer's disease (AD) demographic
→ most prevalent in people over age 65
→ African American (13.8%),
→ Hispanics (12.2%),
→ non-Hispanic whites (10.3%),
→ American Indian and Alaska Natives (9.1%),
→ Asian and Pacific Islanders (8.4%)
Genetics r/t AD
→ Genes appear to play a strong role, with late-onset AD showing heritability of 58-
79% and early-onset AD showing over 90%
Neuroanatomy r/t AD
→ amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles.
→ atrophy of hippocampus and cerebral cortex.
Neural Networks r/t AD
→ damage to synapses, mitochondrial abnormalities, and inflammatory processes
Neural Signaling r/t AD
→ decreased acetylcholinesterase activity and a permanent loss of cholinergic neurons
→ Acetylcholine (ACh) is a neurotransmitter necessary for processing memory and
learning.
Diagnosis of AD
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