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NR 546 week 8 Questions and Correct Answers the Latest Update and Recommended Version

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Early (1-3 years) signs of AD → short term memory deficits → disoriented to date → diminished recall of recent events → mild language and decision-making deficits → mild problem copying figures (clock drawing) → social withdrawal → mood change → personality changes → problems with managing finances Middle (2-8 years) stage of AD → disoriented to date and place → may get lost in familiar places → impaired learning new skills → agitation, aggression, restlessness, or anxiety → difficulty with ADLs such as cooking and grooming Late (6-12 years) stage of AD → disoriented to person, time, or place → non-verbal → long term memory diminished → unable to groom or dress → progress to need for total care at end stage → incontinent → motor or verbal agitation 2 0 2 4 /2025 | © copyright | This work may not be copied for profit gain Excel! 1 | P a g e | G r a d e A + | 2 0 24 / 2 0 2 5 Alzheimer's disease (AD) demographic → most prevalent in people over age 65 → African American (13.8%), → Hispanics (12.2%), → non-Hispanic whites (10.3%), → American Indian and Alaska Natives (9.1%), → Asian and Pacific Islanders (8.4%) Genetics r/t AD → Genes appear to play a strong role, with late-onset AD showing heritability of 58- 79% and early-onset AD showing over 90% Neuroanatomy r/t AD → amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. → atrophy of hippocampus and cerebral cortex. Neural Networks r/t AD → damage to synapses, mitochondrial abnormalities, and inflammatory processes Neural Signaling r/t AD → decreased acetylcholinesterase activity and a permanent loss of cholinergic neurons → Acetylcholine (ACh) is a neurotransmitter necessary for processing memory and learning. Diagnosis of AD 2 0 2 4 /2025 | © copyright | This work may not be copied for profit gain Excel! 1 | P a g e | G r a d e A + | 2 0 24 / 2 0 2 5 → comprehensive health history is key to gather clues → Rule out other causes of dementia → Early AD may include anxiety, irritability, and sleep disruption → new-onset mental health symptoms in late 50s and 60s may be in the early stage of AD Cholinesterase Inhibitors (ChEIs)X → do not change the progression of AD → provide some alleviation of symptoms → eg. donepezil (Aricept), rivastigmine (Exelon), galantamine (Razadyne, Razadyne ER), donepezil (Aricept) Mechanism of Action → i

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Uploaded on
October 20, 2024
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2024/2025
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2 0 2 4 /2025 | © copyright | This work may not be copied for profit gain Excel!


NR 546 week 8 Questions and Correct
Answers the Latest Update and
Recommended Version
Early (1-3 years) signs of AD


→ short term memory deficits
→ disoriented to date
→ diminished recall of recent events
→ mild language and decision-making deficits
→ mild problem copying figures (clock drawing)
→ social withdrawal
→ mood change
→ personality changes
→ problems with managing finances


Middle (2-8 years) stage of AD

→ disoriented to date and place
→ may get lost in familiar places
→ impaired learning new skills
→ agitation, aggression, restlessness, or anxiety
→ difficulty with ADLs such as cooking and grooming


Late (6-12 years) stage of AD

→ disoriented to person, time, or place
→ non-verbal
→ long term memory diminished
→ unable to groom or dress
→ progress to need for total care at end stage
→ incontinent
→ motor or verbal agitation


1|Page| GradeA+ | 2 0 0 2 5

, 2 0 2 4 /2025 | © copyright | This work may not be copied for profit gain Excel!

Alzheimer's disease (AD) demographic

→ most prevalent in people over age 65
→ African American (13.8%),
→ Hispanics (12.2%),
→ non-Hispanic whites (10.3%),
→ American Indian and Alaska Natives (9.1%),
→ Asian and Pacific Islanders (8.4%)


Genetics r/t AD

→ Genes appear to play a strong role, with late-onset AD showing heritability of 58-
79% and early-onset AD showing over 90%


Neuroanatomy r/t AD


→ amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles.
→ atrophy of hippocampus and cerebral cortex.


Neural Networks r/t AD

→ damage to synapses, mitochondrial abnormalities, and inflammatory processes


Neural Signaling r/t AD

→ decreased acetylcholinesterase activity and a permanent loss of cholinergic neurons
→ Acetylcholine (ACh) is a neurotransmitter necessary for processing memory and
learning.


Diagnosis of AD




1|Page| GradeA+ | 2 0 0 2 5

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